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      • Superior role of MXene nanosheet as hybridization matrix over graphene in enhancing interfacial electronic coupling and functionalities of metal oxide

        Jin, Xiaoyan,Shin, Seung-Jae,Kim, Najin,Kang, Bohyun,Piao, Huiyan,Choy, Jin-Ho,Kim, Hyungjun,Hwang, Seong-Ju Elsevier 2018 Nano energy Vol.53 No.-

        <P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>A superior efficiency of MXene (Ti<SUB>3</SUB>C<SUB>2</SUB>) nanosheet as a hybridization matrix over graphene is evidenced by comparative investigation on uniformly-stacked MnO<SUB>2</SUB>–Ti<SUB>3</SUB>C<SUB>2</SUB> and MnO<SUB>2</SUB>–reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanohybrids. Density functional theory calculation and spectroscopic analyses demonstrate a stronger interfacial electronic coupling and greater charge transfer of polar MnO<SUB>2</SUB> with hydrophilic Ti<SUB>3</SUB>C<SUB>2</SUB> nanosheet than with hydrophobic rGO one, which maximizes the hybridization effect with the conductive nanosheet. Also, hybridization with Ti<SUB>3</SUB>C<SUB>2</SUB> nanosheet is more effective in enhancing the ion diffusivity and porosity of MnO<SUB>2</SUB> than that with strongly self-stacking rGO, which is attributable to weaker self-stacking tendency of Ti<SUB>3</SUB>C<SUB>2</SUB>. Due to these hybridization effects, the MnO<SUB>2</SUB>–Ti<SUB>3</SUB>C<SUB>2</SUB> nanohybrid delivers larger specific capacitance with improved rate performance than does the MnO<SUB>2</SUB>–rGO nanohybrid, underscoring higher efficiency of MXene hybridization in improving electrode performance. This study clearly demonstrates that exfoliated MXene nanosheet can act as a superior hybridization matrix over rGO to explore strongly-coupled nanohybrids with improved energy-related functionality.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> MXene nanosheet shows superior efficiency as a hybridization matrix over graphene. </LI> <LI> Efficient electrode materials are synthesized by hybridization with MXene nanosheet. </LI> <LI> There is a stronger interfacial electronic coupling of MnO<SUB>2</SUB> with MXene than with rGO. </LI> <LI> Hybridization with less self-stacking MXene nanosheet remarkably increases porosity. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

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        Botrytis cinerea hypovirulent strain BcSpd1 induced Panax ginseng defense

        Shuhan Zhang,Junyou Han,Ning Liu,Jingyuan Sun,Huchen Chen,Jinglin Xia,Huiyan Ju,Shouan Liu 고려인삼학회 2023 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.47 No.6

        Background: Gray mold, caused by Botrytis cinerea, is one of the major fungal diseases in agriculture. Biological methods are preferred over chemical fungicides to control gray mold since they are less toxicto the environment and could induce the resistance to pathogens in plants. In this work, we try tounderstand if ginseng defense to B. cinerea could be induced by fungal hypovirulent strain △BcSpd1. BcSpd1 encodes Zn(II)2Cys6 transcription factor which regulates fungal pathogenicity and we recentlyreported △BcSpd1 mutants reduced fungal virulence. Methods: We performed transcriptomic analysis of the host to investigate the induced defense responseof ginseng treated by B. cinerea △BcSpd1. The metabolites in ginseng flavonoids pathway were determinedby UPLC-ESI-MS/MS and the antifungal activates were then performed. Results: We found that △BcSpd1 enhanced the ginseng defense response when applied to healthyginseng leaves and further changed the metabolism of flavonoids. Compared with untreated plants, theapplication of △BcSpd1 on ginseng leaves significantly increased the accumulation of p-coumaric acidand myricetin, which could inhibit the fungal growth. Conclusion: B. cinerea△BcSpd1 could effectively induce the medicinal plant defense and is referred to asthe biological control agent in ginseng disease management.

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