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Auto-parametric resonance of framed structures under periodic excitations
Yuchun Li,Hongliang Gou,Long Zhang,Chenyu Chang 국제구조공학회 2017 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.61 No.4
A framed structure may be composed of two sub-structures, which are linked by a hinged joint. One sub-structure is the primary system and the other is the secondary system. The primary system, which is subjected to the periodic external load, can give rise to an auto-parametric resonance of the second system. Considering the geometric-stiffness effect produced by the axially internal force, the element equation of motion is derived by the extended Hamilton\'s principle. The element equations are then assembled into the global non-homogeneous Mathieu-Hill equations. The Newmark\'s method is introduced to solve the time-history responses of the non-homogeneous Mathieu-Hill equations. The energy-growth exponent/coefficient (EGE/EGC) and a finite-time Lyapunov exponent (FLE) are proposed for determining the auto-parametric instability boundaries of the structural system. The auto-parametric instabilities are numerically analyzed for the two frames. The influence of relative stiffness between the primary and secondary systems on the auto-parametric instability boundaries is investigated. A phenomenon of the \"auto-parametric internal resonance\" (the auto-parametric resonance of the second system induced by a normal resonance of the primary system) is predicted through the two numerical examples. The risk of auto-parametric internal resonance is emphasized. An auto-parametric resonance experiment of a
Qi Shi,Yongpeng Lei,Yingde Wang,Huaping Wang,Lehua Jiang,Hongliang Yuan,Dong Fang,Bing Wang,Nan Wu,Yanzi Gou 한국물리학회 2015 Current Applied Physics Vol.15 No.12
B, N-codoped carbon nanofibers were massively prepared by heat treatment of electrospun carbon nanofibers with the mixture of boric acid/urea in N2 (BNCf-N) and subsequently activated in NH3 (BNCf- NA). The directly electrospun self-standing 3D non woven structure with void spaces between each fiber facilitates the mass transport of reactant and resulted molecules. Further NH3 activation gives BNCf-NA a high surface area of 306.3 m2 g-1 with micro/mesoporous structure, providing abundant passageway for proton transfer. Simultaneously, NH3 activation also realizes the optimization of surface functionalities, such as more BeNeC and pyridinic-N. These intriguing features render BNCf-NA excellent catalytic behavior with nearly four-electron oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) process in alkaline media, especially much better stability and methanol tolerance than the commercial Pt/C catalyst. Our work provides a large-scale preparation method for efficient metal-free catalysts toward ORR, thus further intensifying the commercial application of fuel cells.