http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Three Solutions to a Simple Commons Problem
Hervé,Moulin 서울대학교 경제연구소 2001 Seoul journal of economics Vol.14 No.3
We compare the equity and incentive properties of three efficient solutions to a simple problem of cooperative production with binary demands for a homogeneous service, when marginal cost is either monotonically increasing or monotonically decreasing. The solutions are the familiar competitive equilibrium with equal incomes, the Shapley value of the stand alone cooperative game, and the virtual price solution, applying the egalitarian equivalence idea to this particular model.
Why hybrid porous solids capture greenhouse gases?
Fé,rey, Gé,rard,Serre, Christian,Devic, Thomas,Maurin, Guillaume,Jobic, Hervé,Llewellyn, Philip L.,De Weireld, Guy,Vimont, Alexandre,Daturi, Marco,Chang, Jong-San Royal Society of Chemistry 2011 Chemical Society reviews Vol.40 No.2
<P>Hybrid porous solids, with their tunable structures, their multifunctional properties and their numerous applications, are currently topical, particularly in the domain of adsorption and storage of greenhouse gases. Most of the data reported so far concern the performances of these solids in this domain, particularly in terms of adsorbed amounts of gas but do not explain at the atomic level why and how adsorption and storage occur. From a combination of structural, spectroscopic, thermodynamic experiments and of molecular simulations, this <I>tutorial review</I> proposes answers to these open questions with a special emphasis on CO<SUB>2</SUB> and CH<SUB>4</SUB> storage by some rigid and flexible hybrid porous materials.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>Why and how hybrid porous solids capture gases: exploration combining appropriate <I>in situ</I> measurements and molecular simulations. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c0cs00040j'> </P>
The <i>Drosophila</i> Amidase PGRP-LB Modulates the Immune Response to Bacterial Infection
Zaidman-Ré,my, Anna,Hervé,, Mireille,Poidevin, Mickael,Pili-Floury, Sé,bastien,Kim, Min-Sung,Blanot, Didier,Oh, Byung-Ha,Ueda, Ryu,Mengin-Lecreulx, Dominique,Lemaitre, Bruno Elsevier 2006 Immunity Vol.24 No.4
<P><B>Summary</B></P><P>The <I>Drosophila</I> host defense against gram-negative bacteria is mediated by the Imd pathway upon sensing of peptidoglycan by the peptidoglycan recognition protein (PGRP)-LC. Here we report a functional analysis of PGRP-LB, a catalytic member of the PGRP family. We show that PGRP-LB is a secreted protein regulated by the Imd pathway. Biochemical studies demonstrate that PGRP-LB is an amidase that specifically degrades gram-negative bacteria peptidoglycan. In agreement with its amidase activity, PGRP-LB downregulates the Imd pathway. Hence, activation of PGRP-LB by the Imd pathway provides a negative feedback regulation to tightly adjust immune activation to infection. Our study also reveals that PGRP-LB controls the immune reactivity of flies to the presence of ingested bacteria in the gut. Our work highlights the key role of PGRPs that encode both sensors and scavengers of peptidoglycan, which modulate the level of the host immune response to the presence of infectious microorganisms.</P>
Piret, Gaë,lle,Kim, Doohun,Drobecq, Hervé,Coffinier, Yannick,Melnyk, Oleg,Schmuki, Patrik,Boukherroub, Rabah The Royal Society of Chemistry 2012 The Analyst Vol.137 No.13
<P>The paper reports on the use of a titanium oxide (TiO<SUB>2</SUB>) nanotube layer as a sensitive substrate for surface-assisted laser desorption–ionization mass spectrometry (SALDI-MS) of peptides and small molecules. The nanotube layers were prepared by electrochemical anodization of titanium foil. The optimized TiO<SUB>2</SUB> nanotubes morphology coupled to a controlled surface chemistry allowed desorption–ionization (D/I) of a peptide mixture (Mix1) with a detection limit of 10 femtomoles for the neurotensin peptide. The performance of the TiO<SUB>2</SUB> nanotubes for the D/I of small molecules was also tested for the detection of sutent, a small tyrosine kinase inhibitor, and verapamil. A detection limit of 50 fmol was obtained for these molecules, as compared to 500 fmol using classical matrix-assisted laser desorption–ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS). Both amorphous and anatase TiO<SUB>2</SUB> layers displayed a comparable performance for D/I of analyte molecules. In a control experiment, we have performed D/I of analyte molecules on a flat TiO<SUB>2</SUB> layer. The absence of signal emphasizes the role of the nanostructured substrate in the D/I process.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>The paper reports the use of a titanium oxide (TiO<SUB>2</SUB>) nanotube layer as a sensitive substrate for surface-assisted laser desorption–ionization mass spectrometry (SALDI-MS) of peptides and small molecules. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c2an35207a'> </P>
Spencer, Andrew,Lentzsch, Suzanne,Weisel, Katja,Avet-Loiseau, Hervé,Mark, Tomer M.,Spicka, Ivan,Masszi, Tamas,Lauri, Birgitta,Levin, Mark-David,Bosi, Alberto,Hungria, Vania,Cavo, Michele,Lee, Je Ferrata Storti Foundation 2018 Haematologica/The Hematology Journal Vol.103 No.12
<P>Daratumumab, a CD38 human monoclonal antibody, demonstrated significant clinical activity in combination with bortezomib and dexamethasone <I>versus</I> bortezomib and dexamethasone alone in the primary analysis of CASTOR, a phase 3 study in relapsed and/or refractory multiple myeloma. A <I>post hoc</I> analysis based on treatment history and longer follow up is presented. After 19.4 (range: 0–27.7) months of median follow up, daratumumab plus bortezomib and dexamethasone prolonged progression-free survival (median: 16.7 <I>versus</I> 7.1 months; hazard ratio, 0.31; 95% confidence interval, 0.24-0.39; <I>P</I><0.0001) and improved the overall response rate (83.8% <I>versus</I> 63.2%; <I>P</I><0.0001) compared with bortezomib and dexamethasone alone. The progression-free survival benefit of daratumumab plus bortezomib and dexamethasone was most apparent in patients with 1 prior line of therapy (median: not reached <I>versus</I> 7.9 months; hazard ratio, 0.19; 95% confidence interval, 0.12-0.29; <I>P</I><0.0001). Daratumumab plus bortezomib and dexamethasone was also superior to bortezomib and dexamethasone alone in subgroups based on prior treatment exposure (bortezomib, thalidomide, or lenalidomide), lenalidomide-refractory status, time since last therapy (≤12, >12, ≤6, or >6 months), or cytogenetic risk. Minimal residual disease–negative rates were >2.5-fold higher with daratumumab across subgroups. The safety profile of daratumumab plus bortezomib and dexamethasone remained consistent with longer follow up. Daratumumab plus bortezomib and dexamethasone demonstrated significant clinical activity across clinically relevant subgroups and provided the greatest benefit to patients treated at first relapse. Trial registration: <I>clinicaltrials.gov identifier: 02136134</I>.</P>
Sladojevic, Nikola,Oh, Goo Taeg,Kim, Hyung-Hwan,Beaulieu, Lea M.,Falet, Hervé,Kamiń,ski, Karol,Freedman, Jane E.,Liao, James K. Oxford University Press 2017 Cardiovascular research Vol.113 No.11
<P>Conclusion These findings indicate that platelet ROCK2 plays important role in platelet function and thrombosis, but does not contribute to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and vascular remodeling.</P>
Peptidoglycan molecular requirements allowing detection by the Drosophila immune deficiency pathway.
Stenbak, Carolyn R,Ryu, Ji-Hwan,Leulier, Franç,ois,Pili-Floury, Sebastien,Parquet, Claudine,Hervé,, Mireille,Chaput, Catherine,Boneca, Ivo G,Lee, Won-Jae,Lemaitre, Bruno,Mengin-Lecreulx, D Williams Wilkins 2004 JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY Vol.173 No.12
<P>Innate immune recognition of microbes is a complex process that can be influenced by both the host and the microbe. Drosophila uses two distinct immune signaling pathways, the Toll and immune deficiency (Imd) pathways, to respond to different classes of microbes. The Toll pathway is predominantly activated by Gram-positive bacteria and fungi, while the Imd pathway is primarily activated by Gram-negative bacteria. Recent work has suggested that this differential activation is achieved through peptidoglycan recognition protein (PGRP)-mediated recognition of specific forms of peptidoglycan (PG). In this study, we have further analyzed the specific PG molecular requirements for Imd activation through the pattern recognition receptor PGRP-LC in both cultured cell line and in flies. We found that two signatures of Gram-negative PG, the presence of diaminopimelic acid in the peptide bridge and a 1,6-anhydro form of N-acetylmuramic acid in the glycan chain, allow discrimination between Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Our results also point to a role for PG oligomerization in Imd activation, and we demonstrate that elements of both the sugar backbone and the peptide bridge of PG are required for optimum recognition. Altogether, these results indicate multiple requirements for efficient PG-mediated activation of the Imd pathway and demonstrate that PG is a complex immune elicitor.</P>