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Quantitation and Validation of Atorvastatin using HPLC-UV
Heine, Daniel,Yong, Chul-Soon,Kim, Jung-Sun The Korean Society of Pharmaceutical Sciences and 2007 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.37 No.3
A reversed phase HPLC analysis of atorvastatin (AS) standard solution was performed using diclofenac (DF) as internal standard. Column oven temperature, flow rate and the composition of the mobile phase were varied in order to determine a practical system setup using a C18 column and UV detector. Two C18 columns of different length were compared regarding their influence on the AS peak shape. Based on these preliminary experiments a validation study was performed utilizing a C18 column at $62^{\circ}C$ with a mobile phase consisting of sodium phosphate buffer (0.05 M, pH 4.0), methanol and acetonitrile (40:50:10, v/v/v). The detection limit for AS was $0.1{\mu}g/ml$ and inter- and intra-day calibration curves were linear over a concentration range of $0.2-50{\mu}g/ml$. Accuracy and precision were satisfactory in the AS concentration range of $0.5-50{\mu}g/ml$.
Bioinformatics Analysis of Hsp20 Sequences in Proteobacteria
Heine, Michelle,Chandra, Sathees B.C. Korea Genome Organization 2009 Genomics & informatics Vol.7 No.1
Heat shock proteins are a class of molecular chaperones that can be found in nearly all organisms from Bacteria, Archaea and Eukarya domains. Heat shock proteins experience increased transcription during periods of heat induced osmotic stress and are involved in protein disaggregation and refolding as part of a cell's danger signaling cascade. Heat shock protein, Hsp20 is a small molecular chaperone that is approximately 20kDa in weight and is hypothesized to prevent aggregation and denaturation. Hsp20 can be found in several strains of Proteobacteria, which comprises the largest phyla of the Bacteria domain and also contains several medically significant bacterial strains. Genomic analyses were performed to determine a common evolutionary pattern among Hsp20 sequences in Proteobacteria. It was found that Hsp20 shared a common ancestor within and among the five subclasses of Proteobacteria. This is readily apparent from the amount of sequence similarities within and between Hsp20 protein sequences as well as phylogenetic analysis of sequences from proteobacterial and non-proteobacterial species.
The Chile-China Paradox: Burgeoning Trade, Little Investment
( Jorge Heine ) 경남대학교 극동문제연구소 2016 ASIAN PERSPECTIVE Vol.40 No.4
Chile, a country that has been at the forefront of Latin America`s growing links with China, embodies a paradox in terms of Chinese outward foreign direct investment (COFDI). On the one hand, bilateral trade has thrived, increasing fourfold since the signing of a free trade agreement in 2005, turning Chile into China`s third largest trading partner in the region. On the other hand, Chinese direct investment in Chile has been low, much lower than in neighboring countries. In this article I explore the roots of this upsurge in bilateral trade while also explaining the reasons for the dearth of Chinese investment in a country traditionally considered to be attractive to foreign investors. Chile might be a victim of its own success as its economic accomplishments allow it to persist with investment policies that are currently daunting to Chinese investors.
Luxury goes digital: how to tackle the digital luxury brand–consumer touchpoints
Klaus Heine,Benjamin Berghaus 한국마케팅과학회 2014 Journal of Global Fashion Marketing Vol.5 No.3
Today, many of the big brands are diverting substantial amounts of resources away from classical communication channels toward the digital domain. However, despite the digital gold rush, major sections of luxury brands still have not fully arrived in the digital world. Their sentiment increasingly shifts from “Do we need to be online?” to a more complicated question: “How do we actually do it right?” Therefore, this paper has two major objectives. First of all, we want to provide luxury marketers with an overview of the major digital luxury brand–consumer touchpoints and corresponding digital working areas. The first step to digital excellence is to know the available digital opportunities. Based on that, we want to derive some recommendations regarding how to tackle the digital channels successfully, based on an expert survey and a discussion of case studies for each major digital touchpoint. The paper concludes with some major lessons learned.
Klaus Heine,Michel Phan,Michel Gutsatz 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2018 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2018 No.07
Although pricing strategies have significant effects on brand performance and have been growth drivers of the luxury industry for decades, there is only little research on luxury pricing strategies. Most academics and managers believe that there is a ‘democratization of luxury’ since the 1980’s. Today, luxury is regarded as accessible for almost anyone. On the other hand, researchers and consumers still consider ‘high prices’ as one of the most important luxury characteristics. To resolve this paradox, this paper analyzes ‘expensiveness’ as a key feature of luxury products: Is luxury expensive or has it really democratized? It outlines the different types of luxury with reference to their ‘expensiveness’. Based on a literature analysis about research on pricing in luxury marketing, the paper presents eight indicators of ‘expensiveness’. After discussing how the Veblen, Snob and Bandwagon effects break the law of demand, analyses of real data follow with some case studies about the price development of luxury products in different countries and product categories. They show that the method of price comparison by Fourasti? can provide brand managers a more realistic picture about the ‘expensiveness’ of their products for their target customers. The paper concludes with some major lessons learned.
The Linkage between Reverse Gyrase and Hyperthermophiles: A Review of Their Invariable Association
Michelle Heine,Sathees B.C. Chandra 한국미생물학회 2009 The journal of microbiology Vol.47 No.3
With the discovery of reverse gyrase in 1972, from Yellowstone National Park, isolated from Sulfolobus acidocaldarius, it has been speculated as to why reverse gyrase can be found in all hyperthermophiles and just what exactly its role is in hyperthermophilic organisms. Hyperthermophiles have been defined as organisms with an optimal growth temperature of above 85°C. Reverse gyrase is responsible for the introduction of positive supercoils into closed circular DNA. This review of reverse gyrase in hyperthermophilic microorganisms summarizes the last two decades of research performed on hyperthermophiles and reverse gyrase in an effort to provide an up to date synopsis of their invariable association. From the data gathered for this review it is reasonable to hypothesize that reverse gyrase is closely tied to hyperthermophilic life.