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Maltitol Prevents the Progression of Fatty Liver Degeneration in Mice Fed High-Fat Diets
Hayato Urushima,Yasuaki Sanada,Miki Sakaue,Yuji Matsuzawa,Toshinori Ito,Kazuhisa Maeda 한국식품영양과학회 2015 Journal of medicinal food Vol.18 No.10
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) progresses to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, ultimately leading tocirrhosis and liver cancer. It is important to prevent this progression during the initial stages of hepatic fatty degeneration. Maltitol is a polyol produced by the hydrogenation of maltose. We investigated the efficacy of maltitol for treating hepaticfatty degeneration in C57BL/6 male mice using a high-fat diet model. Intake of 5.0% maltitol for 8 weeks significantlysuppressed weight gain, hepatic fatty degeneration, hyperglycemia, and hypercholesterolemia. With maltitol intake, sterolregulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP1c) mRNA expression was significantly decreased, and farnesoid X receptor(FXR), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), and hydroxymethylglutaryl-Co reductase expressions weresignificantly higher in the liver. The increase in SREBP1c and suppression of FXR and PPARa expressions are correlated withNAFLD. Our results suggest that maltitol may prevent steatosis of NAFLD with a high-fat diet.
Hosomi, Ryota,Maeda, Hayato,Ikeda, Yuki,Toda, Yuko,Yoshida, Munehiro,Fukunaga, Kenji The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition 2017 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.22 No.2
Fish muscles are classified into white and red muscles, and the chemical composition of the two fish muscles have many differences. Few reports have assessed the health-promoting functions of white fish muscle proteins (WFP) and red fish muscle proteins (RFP). We therefore evaluated the mechanisms underlying the alteration of lipid profiles and cholesterol metabolism following the intake of WFP prepared from cod and RFP prepared from light muscles of tuna. Male Wistar rats were divided into six dietary groups: casein (23%), WFP (23%), and RFP (23%), with or without 0.5% cholesterol and 0.1% sodium cholate. Compared to the WFP-containing diet, the RFP-containing diet supplemented with cholesterol and sodium cholate significantly increased serum and liver cholesterol contents. However, in the RFP groups, an alteration in cholesterol metabolism including an increased tendency to excrete fecal sterols and hepatic cholesterol $7{\alpha}$-hydroxylase was related to the reduction of hepatic cholesterol contents. This phenomenon might be related to the tendency of an increased food intake in RFP-containing diets. These results highlight the differential effects of WFP and RFP on serum and liver lipid profiles of Wistar rats fed non-cholesterol- or cholesterol-containing diets under no fasting condition.
Ryota Hosomi,Hayato Maeda,Yuki Ikeda,Yuko Toda,Munehiro Yoshida,Kenji Fukunaga 한국식품영양과학회 2017 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.22 No.2
Fish muscles are classified into white and red muscles, and the chemical composition of the two fish muscles have many differences. Few reports have assessed the health-promoting functions of white fish muscle proteins (WFP) and red fish muscle proteins (RFP). We therefore evaluated the mechanisms underlying the alteration of lipid profiles and cholesterol metabolism following the intake of WFP prepared from cod and RFP prepared from light muscles of tuna. Male Wistar rats were divided into six dietary groups: casein (23%), WFP (23%), and RFP (23%), with or without 0.5% cholesterol and 0.1% sodium cholate. Compared to the WFP-containing diet, the RFP-containing diet supplemented with cholesterol and sodium cholate significantly increased serum and liver cholesterol contents. However, in the RFP groups, an alteration in cholesterol metabolism including an increased tendency to excrete fecal sterols and hepatic cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase was related to the reduction of hepatic cholesterol contents. This phenomenon might be related to the tendency of an increased food intake in RFP-containing diets. These results highlight the differential effects of WFP and RFP on serum and liver lipid profiles of Wistar rats fed non-cholesterol- or cholesterol-containing diets under no fasting condition.
Yamauchi, Toshimasa,Hara, Kazuo,Maeda, Shiro,Yasuda, Kazuki,Takahashi, Atsushi,Horikoshi, Momoko,Nakamura, Masahiro,Fujita, Hayato,Grarup, Niels,Cauchi, Stephane,Ng, Daniel P K,Ma, Ronald C W,Tsunoda, Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan P 2010 Nature genetics Vol.42 No.10
We conducted a genome-wide association study of type 2 diabetes (T2D) using 459,359 SNPs in a Japanese population with a three-stage study design (stage 1, 4,470 cases and 3,071 controls; stage 2, 2,886 cases and 3,087 controls; stage 3, 3,622 cases and 2,356 controls). We identified new associations in UBE2E2 on chromosome 3 and in C2CD4A-C2CD4B on chromosome 15 at genome-wide significant levels (rs7612463 in UBE2E2, combined P = 2.27 ? 10<SUP>??9</SUP>; rs7172432 in C2CD4A-C2CD4B, combined P = 3.66 ? 10<SUP>??9</SUP>). The association of these two loci with T2D was replicated in other east Asian populations. In the European populations, the C2CD4A-C2CD4B locus was significantly associated with T2D, and a combined analysis of all populations gave P = 8.78 ? 10<SUP>??14</SUP>, whereas the UBE2E2 locus did not show association to T2D. In conclusion, we identified two new loci at UBE2E2 and C2CD4A-C2CD4B associated with susceptibility to T2D.