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Morphology control in block copolymer films using mixed solvent vapors.
Gotrik, Kevin W,Hannon, Adam F,Son, Jeong Gon,Keller, Brent,Alexander-Katz, Alfredo,Ross, Caroline A American Chemical Society 2012 ACS NANO Vol.6 No.9
<P>Solvent vapor annealing of block copolymer thin films can produce a range of morphologies different from the equilibrium bulk morphology. By systematically varying the flow rate of two different solvent vapors (toluene and n-heptane) and an inert gas, phase maps showing the morphology versus vapor pressure of the solvents were constructed for 45 kg/mol polystyrene-block-polydimethylsiloxane diblock copolymer films of different thicknesses. The final morphology was correlated with the swelling of the block copolymer and homopolymer films and the solvent vapor annealing conditions. Self-consistent field theory is used to model the effects of solvent swelling. These results provide a framework for predicting the range of morphologies available under different solvent vapor conditions, which is important in lithographic applications where precise control of morphology and critical dimensions are essential.</P>
Temperamental Predictive Factors for Success in Korean Professional Baseball Players
KyoungDoo Kang,DougHyun Han,James C. Hannon,Morgan S. Hall,JaeWon Choi 대한신경정신의학회 2015 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.12 No.4
Objective-In this five-year cohort study, we hypothesize that factors of temperament and character in professional baseball players predict the speed of obtaining success and the quality of success as well as anxiety control. Methods-Participants included 120 male rookie players from the Korea Baseball Organization (KBO) and 107 male non-players with no history of playing baseball. The personality/characters and state/trait anxieties of participants were assessed with the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) and Spielberg’s State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-Y (STAI-Y). Over the duration of five years, all the players were subsequently classified into either a success group (major leaguers) or a non-success group (non-major leaguers), depending on their status in the professional baseball league in Korea. Results-The players in the group of starters had higher novelty seeking (NS) scores than those of non-starters. The reward dependence (RD) scores of the success group were higher than those of the non-success group. The state anxiety scores in the starter group were negatively correlated with NS scores. The state and trait anxieties in the non-success group were positively correlated with RD scores. Conclusion-The results of this study suggest that predictive temperamental factors for success in baseball players include traits of novelty seeking and reward dependence.
Function of the DEMETER DNA glycosylase in the Arabidopsis thaliana male gametophyte.
Schoft, Vera K,Chumak, Nina,Choi, Yeonhee,Hannon, Mike,Garcia-Aguilar, Marcelina,Machlicova, Adriana,Slusarz, Lucyna,Mosiolek, Magdalena,Park, Jin-Sup,Park, Guen Tae,Fischer, Robert L,Tamaru, Hisashi National Academy of Sciences 2011 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF Vol.108 No.19
<P>In double fertilization, the vegetative cell of the male gametophyte (pollen) germinates and forms a pollen tube that brings to the female gametophyte two sperm cells that fertilize the egg and central cell to form the embryo and endosperm, respectively. The 5-methylcytosine DNA glycosylase DEMETER (DME), expressed in the central cell, is required for maternal allele demethylation and gene imprinting in the endosperm. By contrast, little is known about the function of DME in the male gametophyte. Here we show that reduced transmission of the paternal mutant dme allele in certain ecotypes reflects, at least in part, defective pollen germination. DME RNA is detected in pollen, but not in isolated sperm cells, suggesting that DME is expressed in the vegetative cell. Bisulfite sequencing experiments show that imprinted genes (MEA and FWA) and a repetitive element (Mu1a) are hypomethylated in the vegetative cell genome compared with the sperm genome, which is a process that requires DME. Moreover, we show that MEA and FWA RNA are detectable in pollen, but not in isolated sperm cells, suggesting that their expression occurs primarily in the vegetative cell. These results suggest that DME is active and demethylates similar genes and transposons in the genomes of the vegetative and central cells in the male and female gametophytes, respectively. Although the genome of the vegetative cell does not participate in double fertilization, its DME-mediated demethylation is important for male fertility and may contribute to the reconfiguration of the methylation landscape that occurs in the vegetative cell genome.</P>
Bae, Sang-Hoon,Zhou, Xiaodong,Kim, Seyoung,Lee, Yun Seog,Cruz, Samuel S.,Kim, Yunjo,Hannon, James B.,Yang, Yang,Sadana, Devendra K.,Ross, Frances M.,Park, Hongsik,Kim, Jeehwan National Academy of Sciences 2017 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF Vol.114 No.16
<P>Graphene epitaxy on the Si face of a SiC wafer offers monolayer graphene with unique crystal orientation at the wafer-scale. However, due to carrier scattering near vicinal steps and excess bilayer stripes, the size of electrically uniform domains is limited to the width of the terraces extending up to a few microns. Nevertheless, the origin of carrier scattering at the SiC vicinal steps has not been clarified so far. A layer-resolved graphene transfer (LRGT) technique enables exfoliation of the epitaxial graphene formed on SiC wafers and transfer to flat Si wafers, which prepares crystallographically single-crystalline monolayer graphene. Because the LRGT flattens the deformed graphene at the terrace edges and permits an access to the graphene formed at the side wall of vicinal steps, components that affect the mobility of graphene formed near the vicinal steps of SiC could be individually investigated. Here, we reveal that the graphene formed at the side walls of step edges is pristine, and scattering near the steps is mainly attributed by the deformation of graphene at step edges of vicinalized SiC while partially from stripes of bilayer graphene. This study suggests that the two-step LRGT can prepare electrically single-domain graphene at the wafer-scale by removing the major possible sources of electrical degradation.</P>
The effect of zinc and titanium on the structure of calcium-sodium phosphate based glass
Moss, R.M.,Neel, E.A.A.,Pickup, D.M.,Twyman, H.L.,Martin, R.A.,Henson, M.D.,Barney, E.R.,Hannon, A.C.,Knowles, J.C.,Newport, R.J. North-Holland 2010 Journal of non-crystalline solids Vol.356 No.25
An array of different structural probes has been used to define the effect of adding Zn and Ti to a sodium-calcium phosphate glass. X-ray absorption spectroscopy at the Zn K-edge suggests that the Zn atoms occupy mixed (4- and 6-fold) sites within the glass matrix. X-ray diffraction reveals a feature at 2.03A that develops with the addition of Zn and Ti and is consistent with Zn-O and Ti-O near-neighbour distances. Neutron diffraction is used to resolve two distinct P-O distances and highlights the decrease in P...P coordination number from 2.0 to 1.7 as the Ti metal concentration rises, which is attributed to the O/P fraction moving away from the metaphosphate value of 3.0 to 3.1 with the addition of Ti. Other correlations, such as those associated with CaO<SUB>x</SUB>and NaO<SUB>x</SUB>polyhedra, remain largely unaffected. These results suggest that the network forming P...P correlation is most disrupted, with the disorder parameter rising from 0.07 to 0.10A with the additional modifiers. Zn appears to be introduced into the network as a direct replacement for Ca and causes no structural variation over the composition range studied.