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Readout of Higher-Level Processing in the Discharge of Superior Colliculus Neurons
KELLER, EDWARD L.,LEE, KYOUNG-MIN,MCPEEK, ROBERT M. Wiley (Blackwell Publishing) 2005 Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences Vol.1039 No.1
<P>The discharge of neurons in the deeper layers of the superior colliculus (SC) was studied while monkeys performed two visual discrimination tasks that required different amounts of cognitive processing. In a search paradigm the animal's task was to saccade to the location of an odd-colored stimulus located in an array of distractors of uniform color (pop-out visual search). The visual stimuli remained on the screen as the discrimination process distinguished target from distractors. In a choice response task the color of a central cue signaled which stimulus from a previously presented array of colored stimuli was to be the target of a saccade. The stimulus array was turned off well before the central cue was presented. Most neurons showed activity aligned on both the visual input and the motor response in single-target tasks. Many of these same neurons showed additional discharge that was correlated with the required higher-level decision processes in both of these more natural visual tasks. In the case of pop-out search the SC has been shown to be functionally involved in the decision processes. The cue-aligned activity in SC in the choice response task is surprising because no transient visual stimulus appeared in the response field of the neuron.</P>
해외 정보 - 원전의 지속적 가동을 위해 필요한 부품 공급 기반
Keller, Greg 한국원자력산업회의 2016 원자력산업 Vol.36 No.7
원자력발전소는 탄소 배출 없이 청정한 전력을 생산하는 가장 신뢰할만한 최선의 에너지원이지만 그러한 원전의 지속적인 가동을 위해서는 부품 등에 대한 충분한 공급 기반이 반드시 필요하다.
ZUR WISSENSCHAFTSGESCHICHTE EINER EVOLUTIONAREN THEORIE DES SPRACHLICHEN WANDELS
Keller, Von Rudi 東亞大學校 獨逸學硏究所 1992 獨逸學硏究 Vol.- No.8
Der Titel der Sektion, in der dieser Text (in nur wenig anderer Form) als Vortag gehalten wurde, heiβt "Wissenschaftsgeschichte der Sprachgeschikchtsschreibung". Da die Geschichte einer Theorie des sprachlichen Wandels nur indirekt mit der Wissenschaftsgeschichte der Sprachgeschichtsschreibung zu tun hat, will ich einige Bemerkungen vorausschicken zum Verha¨ltnis von Sprachgeschichtsschreibung und Theorie des sprachlichen Wandels. Im wesentlichen teile ich die Acsicht Herrmann Pauls, daβ "ohne Erledigung der prinzipiellen Fragen, ohne Festestellung der allgemeinen Bedingungen des geschichtlichen Werdens"(Paun 1920 : 4) Sprachgeschichtsschreibung gar nicht mo¨glich w¨are. Der Sprachgeschichte - so heiβt es im ersten Satz seines Buches- "muss…eine Wissenschaft zur Seite stehen, welche sich mit den allgemeinen Lebensbedingungen des geschichtlich sich entwickelnden Objektes bescha¨ftigt."(Paul 1920 : 1) Eine solche Wissenschaft nennt er-weil er "das Wort Philosophie lieber vermeiden"(Paul 1920 : 2) will-Prinzipienwissenschaft. In neuerer Zeit finden wir etwa bei Friedrich August von Hayek eine analoge Ansicht : "Die Existenz von Strukturen, mit denen sich die Theorie komplexer Pha¨nomene bescha¨ftig, kann nur versta¨ndlich gemacht werden durch eine Kosmologie, wie es der Physiker nennen wurde, das ist eine Theorie ihrer Evolution."(Hayek 1969 : 154)
Motivation in Cyber Learning Environments
Keller,John M Korean Society for Educational Technology 1999 International Journal of Educational Technology Vol.1 No.1
Although the novelty and potential capability of cyber learning environments attract us, We need to address motivational problem as indicated by low completion rates. This article describes, first, issues associated with motivating students to learn in cyber learning environments. Second, the ARCS model is overviewed as a basis for systematic motivational design. Third, a simplified motivational design is described to help practitioners design attractive cyber learning environment. Finally, two recent developments are introduced: one is 'motivationally-adaptive CAI', the other is 'use of motivational messages in distance education'.