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Park, Yeo-Ul,Jung, Jong-Hyun,Seo, Dong-Ho,Jung, Dong-Hyun,Kim, Jae-Han,Seo, Ean-Jeong,Baek, Nam-In,Park, Cheon-Seok Elsevier 2018 Enzyme and microbial technology Vol.114 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P> <I>Desulfurococcus amylolyticus</I> is an anaerobic and hyperthermophilic crenarchaeon that can use various carbohydrates as energy sources. We found a gene encoding a glycoside hydrolase family 57 amylolytic enzymes (DApu) in a putative carbohydrate utilization gene cluster in the genome of <I>D. amylolyticus</I>. This gene has an open reading frame of 1,878 bp and consists of 626 amino acids with a molecular mass of 71 kDa. Recombinant DApu (rDApu) completely hydrolyzed pullulan to maltotriose by attacking α-1,6-glycosidic linkages, and was able to produce glucose and maltose from soluble starch and amylopectin. Although rDApu showed no activity toward α-cyclodextrin (CD) and β-CD, maltooctaose (G8) was detected from reaction with γ-CD. The highest activity of rDApu was measured at pH 5.0 and 95 °C. The half-life of rDApu was 12.7 h at 95 °C and 27 min at 98 °C. Interestingly, rDApu was able to transfer a maltose unit to 6-<I>O</I>-α-maltosyl-β-CD via transglycosylation. Structure analysis using MALDI-TOF/TOF MS and nuclear magnetic resonance revealed that the new transglycosylated products were 6<SUP>1</SUP>, 6<SUP>4</SUP>-di-<I>O</I>-maltosyl-β-CD and 6<SUP>1</SUP>, 6<SUP>3</SUP>, 6<SUP>5</SUP>-tri-<I>O</I>-maltosyl-β-CD.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> GH57 amylopullulanase from <I>Desulfurococcus amylolyticus</I> (DApu) was characterized. </LI> <LI> DApu exhibits not only hydrolysis activity but also transglycosylation activity. </LI> <LI> Branched cyclodextrins were formed by transfer of a maltose unit by DApu. </LI> </UL> </P>
Change of neuronal activations induced by the passive perception of driving speed difference.
Kim, Hyun-Jun,Yi, Jeong-Han,Kim, Hyung-Sik,Chung, Soon-Cheol,Baek, Ji-Hye,Lee, Jung-Chul,Park, Sung-Jun,Jeong, Ul-Ho,Gim, Seon-Young,Kim, Sung-Phil,Lim, Dae-Woon,Choi, Mi-Hyun Pergamon Press 2015 Bio-medical materials and engineering Vol.26 No.1
<P>The change of neuronal activation due to the passive perception of various driving speeds in comparison to a reference driving speed was assessed using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Videos recorded in real driving conditions on the road at driving speeds of 50, 70, 90, and 110 km/h were shown as visual stimuli. An experiment consisted of three blocks, each having a control phase (50km/h) and a stimulation phase (70, 90, or 110 km/h). In the passive perception of various driving speed differences, the areas related to visual cognition and spatial attention such as temporal, occipital, parietal, frontal areas, and cerebellum were activated. As the driving speed difference increased, the number of activated voxels also increased in the areas related to visual cognition. However, the visual cognition related areas showed a different pattern from the spatial attention related area with an increase of the driving speed difference. This implies that each brain area has a different level of involvement in the passive perception of the driving speed difference, although both visual cognitions related areas and spatial attention related area are related to it.</P>