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Magnetic-field-controlled reconfigurable semiconductor logic
Joo, Sungjung,Kim, Taeyueb,Shin, Sang Hoon,Lim, Ju Young,Hong, Jinki,Song, Jin Dong,Chang, Joonyeon,Lee, Hyun-Woo,Rhie, Kungwon,Han, Suk Hee,Shin, Kyung-Ho,Johnson, Mark Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan P 2013 Nature Vol.494 No.7435
Logic devices based on magnetism show promise for increasing computational efficiency while decreasing consumed power. They offer zero quiescent power and yet combine novel functions such as programmable logic operation and non-volatile built-in memory. However, practical efforts to adapt a magnetic device to logic suffer from a low signal-to-noise ratio and other performance attributes that are not adequate for logic gates. Rather than exploiting magnetoresistive effects that result from spin-dependent transport of carriers, we have approached the development of a magnetic logic device in a different way: we use the phenomenon of large magnetoresistance found in non-magnetic semiconductors in high electric fields. Here we report a device showing a strong diode characteristic that is highly sensitive to both the sign and the magnitude of an external magnetic field, offering a reversible change between two different characteristic states by the application of a magnetic field. This feature results from magnetic control of carrier generation and recombination in an InSb p–n bilayer channel. Simple circuits combining such elementary devices are fabricated and tested, and Boolean logic functions including AND, OR, NAND and NOR are performed. They are programmed dynamically by external electric or magnetic signals, demonstrating magnetic-field-controlled semiconductor reconfigurable logic at room temperature. This magnetic technology permits a new kind of spintronic device, characterized as a current switch rather than a voltage switch, and provides a simple and compact platform for non-volatile reconfigurable logic devices.
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병원 간호사가 인식하는 조직침묵에 대한 간호업무 환경과 조직공정성의 영향
곽성정(Kwak, Sungjung),한수정(Han, Sujeong) 한국간호행정학회 2021 간호행정학회지 Vol.27 No.4
Purpose: This study was done to identify the effect of the nurses practice environment and organizational justice on organizational silence in nurses. Methods: A descriptive correlational design was used. Participants were 162 nurses in general hospitals. Measurements included the Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index, the Organizational Justice Scale, and Organizational Silence Scale. Data were analyzed using SPSS/WIN program. Results: Nurses" organizational silence, nurses practice environment and organizational justice were correlated, and the influence of social networking, marital status, education level and interactive justice on acquiescence silence were 21% and statistically significant. The effect of work units, work experience and procedural justice on defensive silence were 20%, and the effect of education level and procedural justice on prosocial silence were 12% and statistically significant. Conclusion: Interaction justice affected the Acquiescent silence, and procedural justices affected the defensive silence and prosocial silence. Therefore, nursing managers should improve their organizational culture so that the procedural justices that focus on the process of distributing compensation results and the interaction justice that focuses on fair treatment among members can be recognized by nurses. Then nurses can be encouraged to actively engage and express their opinions about the organization.
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치아 발생과정 중 각 시기와 치아부위에 따른 주요 유전자의 발현 양의 비교
Jong-Mln Lee,Hee-Sun Chung,조성원,Han-SungJung 대한구강해부학회 2007 대한구강해부학회지 Vol.31 No.2
The meaningful genes related to tooth development are known as 300. The observation of timeOcourse pattems of them is possible to predict the gene interactions. In this study, we focused on 12 meaningful genes in developing tooth gelm such as Fgf8, Bmp4, Lhx6, Pax9, Barx1, Msx1, Msx2, Shh, Ptc, Gli3, Lef4,Activin-ba Theses genes are related to the epithelial-mesenchymal interaction. We perforrned real-time Quantitative PCR for confirrn the gene expression level of each gene from embryonic day 10.5 to 16.5. The application of the expression level and approaching method has demonstrated the useful of the guidelines for research of gene interaction during tooth development.
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