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        A Multi-layer Parallel Crack Extension Model for Deformational Response of Post-installed Anchor

        Muhammad Saleem,Asad Ullah Qazi,Asif Hameed,Muhammad Aun Bashir 대한토목학회 2013 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.17 No.5

        A simultaneous crack extension pull-out model for post-installed anchor bar is presented. The anchor bar is such that used in various strengthening techniques to strengthen reinforced concrete structures. The properties of the infill material used for postinstalled anchor bar are characterized by a nonlinear interface between the surrounding concrete and the anchor bar. This is a new type of anchor-infill assembly in which the infill material is divided into two layers for the purpose of providing a larger failure path length resulting in increase of the energy absorption and pull-out load capacity. The mechanical properties of the infill layer are different from the surrounding concrete. Therefore the existing pull-out model of deformed bars cannot be applied directly in this case. The interfacial de-bonding is examined by the strength criterion expressed in terms of interfacial shear stress. Pre-existing cracks representing artificial notches are assumed at the top of infill layers for identifying crack location and stabilizing its propagation direction. All the possibilities associated with two-cracks in the close vicinity have been investigated in detail. The objective of the analysis is to predict a set of material properties which result in simultaneous crack extension at the two interfaces and also to identify a simultaneous crack extension length which results in increasing the pull-out load capacity, increase in energy absorption and increased failure path length but achieved at lowest increase in pull-out deformation thereby proving the effectiveness of two-layer model. Limiting the pull-out deformation is desirable from the point of view of limiting damage.

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        Evaluation of resistance to different insecticides in field strains of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Punjab, Pakistan

        Ghulam Mustafa AHEER,Muhammad Asif AZIZ,Asifa HAMEED,Amjad ALI 한국곤충학회 2009 Entomological Research Vol.39 No.3

        Susceptibility of field populations of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Punjab, Pakistan to selected insecticides was evaluated using the leaf dip method. The resistance factors varied between populations. The general trends were low to moderate resistance to endosulfan; very low to low resistance to chlorpyrifos and profenofos; very low resistance to spinosad, indoxacarb and thiodicarb; moderate to high resistance to bifenthrin; high to very high resistance to cypermethrin; and very high resistance to lambda-cyhalothrin. Integrated pest management strategies aimed at reducing pesticide application, such as rotating the conventional insecticides having low resistance with newly developed synthetic insecticides and conserving natural enemies, are recommended.

      • Clinico-Hematological Profile of Patients with B-Chronic Lymphoid Leukemia in Pakistan

        Zeeshan, Rozina,Sultan, Sadia,Irfan, Syed Muhammad,Kakar, Jamaludin,Hameed, Muhammad Asif Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.2

        Background: Chronic lymphoid leukemia (CLL) is not an uncommon hematological malignancy which primarily affects elderly individuals. It is more common in developed world than in developing countries. The rational of this study was to determine the clinico-hematological profile in Pakistan. Materials and Methods: In this prospective cross sectional study, sixty patients with CLL were enrolled from January 2011 to June 2013. Data were analyzed with SPSS version 21. Results: The mean age was $59.0{\pm}9.2years$ (range 40-82) and the male to female ratio was 2.1:1. Peak age group was 60-70 years (38.3%) and 18.3% were under 50 years old. Major complaints were weakness (51.7%), fever (18.3%) and abdominal discomfort (13.3%). Main clinical findings were splenomegaly (46.6%), lymphadenopathy (36.6%) and pallor (26.7%). Some 16.7% were diagnosed incidentally. The mean hemoglobin was $10.8{\pm}2.4g/dl$, with a total leukocyte count of $91.5{\pm}87.8{\times}10^9/l$ and platelets $197.8{\pm}103.2{\times}10^9/l$. Anemia and thrombocytopenia were seen in 26.7% and 21.7% of cases, respectively. High LDH and hyperuricemia were detected in 15% each and elevated serum creatinine was seen in 11.6%. According to Rai staging 11.6% were in stage 0, 13.3% stage 1, 26.7% each for stage II and stage III while 21.7% patients were in stage IV. Conclusions: CLL in our patients in Pakistan, unlike in the West, is seen in a relatively young population with male predominance. Primarily disease is of B-cell origin and about 2/3 of the patients present at advanced stage.

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