Reverse osmosis membrane fabrication and modification technologies and future trends: A review

Hailemariam, Ruth Habte,Woo, Yun Chul,Damtie, Mekdimu Mezemir,Kim, Bong Chul,Park, Kwang-Duck,Choi, June-Seok Elsevier 2020 Advances in colloid and interface science Vol.276 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Reverse osmosis (RO) is the most widely used technology in water treatment and desalination technologies for potable water production. Since its invention, RO has undergone significant developments in terms of material science, process, system optimization, methods of membrane synthesis, and modifications. Among various materials used for the synthesis of an RO membrane, the polyamide thin-film composite (PA-TFC) is by far the most common, owing to its excellent water permeability high salt rejection, and stability. However, a tradeoff between membrane permeability and salt rejection and membrane fouling has been a major hindrance for the effective application of this membrane. Thus, a broad investigation has been carried out to address these problems, and among which <I>co</I>-solvent interfacial polymerization (CAIP) and the surface modification of substrates and active layers of RO membrane have been the most effective approaches for controlling and improving the surface properties of the PA-TFC membrane. In this review paper, the problems associated with the RO membrane processes and strategies has been discussed and addressed in detail. Furthermore, as the focus of this review, the major advancements in the strategies used for enhancement of RO membrane performance through CAIP, and surface modifications were scrutinized and summarized.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Literature review of membrane materials and problems associated with RO process </LI> <LI> Effects of the co-solvent assisted interfacial polymerization (CAIP) </LI> <LI> Explanations of the strategies to improve PA-TFC RO membrane performances </LI> <LI> Investigations of recent substrates and active layer modifications approaches </LI> <LI> Modification methodologies of recent physical and chemical surface modifications </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Production Process Performance for Small-Scale Garment Enterprises in Ethiopia

Shalemu Sharew Hailemariam,Firaol Tadese Gonfa 대한산업공학회 2024 Industrial Engineeering & Management Systems Vol.23 No.1

Innate immunity and carbohydrate metabolism alterations precede occurrence of subclinical mastitis in transition dairy cows

Dervishi, Elda,Zhang, Guanshi,Hailemariam, Dagnachew,Dunn, Suzana M.,Ametaj, Burim N. Korean Society of Animal Sciences and Technology 2015 한국축산학회지 Vol.57 No.12

Background: This study examined whether activation of innate immunity and alterations of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism precede development of subclinical mastitis (SCM). Methods: Blood samples were collected from the coccygeal vein from 100 Holstein dairy cows at -8, -4, disease diagnosis week, and +4 weeks postpartum. Six healthy cows (controls - CON) and six cows that showed clinical signs of SCM were selected for serum analyses. All serum samples were analyzed for acute phase proteins (APP) haptoglobin (Hp) and serum amyloid A (SAA); proinflammatory cytokines including interleukin 1 (IL-1), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and serum lactate, BHBA, and NEFA concentration. Data of DMI, milk production, and milk composition were recorded and analyzed. Results: The results showed that cows with SCM had greater concentrations of SAA, TNF (P < 0.01), and lactate before expected day of parturition (P < 0.05) compared to CON cows. Cows with SCM showed greater concentrations of lactate starting at -8 weeks (P < 0.05) and TNF starting at -4 weeks prior to the expected day of parturition (P < 0.01). Interestingly, at -4 weeks, concentrations of IL-1 and Hp were lower in cows with SCM compared to healthy cows (P < 0.01) followed by an increase during the week of disease diagnosis (P < 0.05). Subclinical mastitis was associated with lower DMI, at -4 weeks before calving, milk production (P < 0.05) and increased somatic cell counts (SCC) (P < 0.01). Conclusions: Results of this study suggest that SCM is preceded by activated innate immunity and altered carbohydrate metabolism in transition dairy cows. Moreover the results support the idea that Hp, lactate, and SAA, at -8 weeks, and TNF and IL-1 at -4 weeks can be used as early indicators to screen cows during dry off for disease state.

Thin Film Composite Membrane Fabrication By Co-Solvent Assisted Interfacial Polymerization

Yunchul Woo(우윤철),Ruth Hailemariam(루트 하일레마리암),Junghoo Shim(심정후),Kwang-Duck Park(박광덕),Hojung Rho(노호정),Jonghun Lee(이종훈) 대한환경공학회 2021 대한환경공학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2021 No.11

Adaptation and growth performance of different bamboo species in Dryland areas of Northern Ethiopia

Eyasu Gebru,Gebrewahid Yikunoamlak,Darcha Girmay,Kassa Hailemariam 한국산림과학회 2024 Forest Science And Technology Vol.20 No.2

Bamboos are among the large perennial grasses that are renowned for their remarkable vigor and quick development. However, the amount of bamboo available in natural settings is decreasing as a result of shifting agriculture, overexploitation, and forest fires. Furthermore, there is little genetic diversity in our country because just two species are found in a small number of agroecological zones. This makes it difficult to guarantee a steady supply of bamboo, despite its benefits to the environment and economy. Thus, the goal of this study was to evaluate the adaptability and growth performance of four bamboo species: Oxytenanthera abyssinica (A.Rich.) Munro, Phyllostachys edulis (Carrière) J Houz, Bambusa vulgaris Schrad. ex J.C. Wendl, and B-ambusa bambos (L) Voss'. The study was carried out at the Mekelle Agricultural Research Center compound for four years, from 2020 to 2023. Three replications of a strict RCBD design were used in the experiment. There were four plants each plot, for a total of 48 plants, and there was a three-meter gap between each plant and plot. A range of growth indicators, including new shoot emergence, culm diameter, internode length, culm height, and survival rate, were measured at three-month intervals in order to monitor changes among the species. B. bambos, B. vulgaris, and O. abyssinica showed no problems with survival or adaptation in the research locations, with the exception of small growth variances. Significant changes (p≤ 0.05) in the treatment parameters were shown by the statistical analysis. O. abyssinica displayed a noticeably greater quantity of freshly emerging bamboo shoots in comparison to other bamboo species. Conversely, P. edulis showed the lowest growth metrics in terms of internode length, culm height, culm diameter, and survival rate. P. edulis, B. vulgaris, O. abyssinica, and B. bambos had survival rates of 16.67 percent, 66.67 percent, 75 percent, and 91.67 percent, respectively. It is noteworthy that seasonal differences have a substantial impact on the height of culms and the growth of newly emergent shoots. B. vulgaris, B. bambos, and O. abyssinica all showed good growth and survival rates. As a result, it is advised to highlight and promote these species in related agroecological areas, as this can benefit multiple stakeholders’ livelihoods and economies.

RESEARCH : Open Access ; Innate immunity and carbohydrate metabolism alterations precede occurrence of subclinical mastitis in transition dairy cows

( Elda Dervishi ),( Guanshi Zhang ),( Dagnachew Hailemariam ),( Suzana M. Dunn ),( Burim N. Ametaj ) 한국동물자원과학회(구 한국축산학회) 2015 한국축산학회지 Vol.57 No.46

Background: This study examined whether activation of innate immunity and alterations of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism precede development of subclinical mastitis (SCM). Methods: Blood samples were collected from the coccygeal vein from 100 Holstein dairy cows at -8, -4, disease diagnosis week, and +4 weeks postpartum. Six healthy cows (controls . CON) and six cows that showed clinical signs of SCM were selected for serum analyses. All serum samples were analyzed for acute phase proteins (APP) haptoglobin (Hp) and serum amyloid A (SAA); proinflammatory cytokines including interleukin 1 (IL-1), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and serum lactate, BHBA, and NEFA concentration. Data of DMI, milk production, and milk composition were recorded and analyzed. Results: The results showed that cows with SCM had greater concentrations of SAA, TNF (P < 0.01), and lactate before expected day of parturition (P < 0.05) compared to CON cows. Cows with SCM showed greater concentrations of lactate starting at -8 weeks (P < 0.05) and TNF starting at -4 weeks prior to the expected day of parturition (P < 0.01). Interestingly, at -4 weeks, concentrations of IL-1 and Hp were lower in cows with SCM compared to healthy cows (P < 0.01) followed by an increase during the week of disease diagnosis (P < 0.05). Subclinical mastitis was associated with lower DMI, at -4 weeks before calving, milk production (P < 0.05) and increased somatic cell counts (SCC) (P < 0.01). Conclusions: Results of this study suggest that SCM is preceded by activated innate immunity and altered carbohydrate metabolism in transition dairy cows. Moreover the results support the idea that Hp, lactate, and SAA, at -8 weeks, and TNF and IL-1 at -4 weeks can be used as early indicators to screen cows during dry off for disease state.

Probing oxygen vacancy concentration and homogeneity in solid-oxide fuel-cell cathode materials on the subunit-cell level

Kim, Young-Min,He, Jun,Biegalski, Michael D.,Ambaye, Hailemariam,Lauter, Valeria,Christen, Hans M.,Pantelides, Sokrates T.,Pennycook, Stephen J.,Kalinin, Sergei V.,Borisevich, Albina Y. Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan P 2012 NATURE MATERIALS Vol.11 No.10

Oxygen vacancy distributions and dynamics directly control the operation of solid-oxide fuel cells and are intrinsically coupled with magnetic, electronic and transport properties of oxides. For understanding the atomistic mechanisms involved during operation of the cell it is highly desirable to know the distribution of vacancies on the unit-cell scale. Here, we develop an approach for direct mapping of oxygen vacancy concentrations based on local lattice parameter measurements by scanning transmission electron microscopy. The concept of chemical expansivity is demonstrated to be applicable on the subunit-cell level: local stoichiometry variations produce local lattice expansion that can be quantified. This approach was successfully applied to lanthanum strontium cobaltite thin films epitaxially grown on substrates of different symmetry, where polarized neutron reflectometry revealed a strong difference in magnetic properties. The different vacancy content found in the two films suggests the change in oxygen chemical potential as a source of distinct magnetic properties, opening pathways for structural tuning of the vacancy concentrations and their gradients.

Ammonia recovery from human urine as liquid fertilizers in hollow fiber membrane contactor: Effects of permeate chemistry

Mekdimu Mezemir Damtie,Federico Volpin,Minwei Yao,Leonard Demegilio Tijing,Ruth Habte Hailemariam,Teng Bao,Kwang-Duck Park,Ho Kyong Shon,June-Seok Choi 대한환경공학회 2021 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.26 No.1

The production of the existing nitrogen fertilizer is costly and less environmental-friendly. Various green technologies are currently emerging toward providing alternative options. In this study, a liquid/liquid hydrophobic hollow-fiber membrane contactor was employed at ambient temperature and natural urine pH ~ 9.7 to recover ammonium fertilizers from human urine. Results showed that permeate side chemistry was one of the major factors affecting the ammonia mass transfer. The study on the ammonia capturing performance of diluted sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, nitric acid, and DI water confirmed that acid type, acid concentration, and permeate side operating pH were the most important parameters affecting the ammonia capturing tendency. Sulfuric acid was slightly better in capturing more ammonia than other acid types. The study also identified increasing acid concentration didn’t necessarily increase ammonia mining tendency because there was always one optimum concentration value at which maximum ammonia extraction was possible. The best permeate side operating pH to extract ammonia for fertilizer purposes was selected based on the dissociation equilibrium of different types of acids. Accordingly, the analysis showed that the membrane process has to be operated at pH > 3 for sulfuric acid, between 3.5 to 11.5 for phosphoric acid, and above 0.5 for nitric acid so as to produce their respective high-quality liquid ammonium sulfate, ammonium monophosphate/diphosphate, and ammonium nitrate fertilizer. Therefore, permeate side acid concentration, pH, and acid type has to always be critically optimized before starting the ammonia mining experiment.