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Controlling the drug-resistant tuberculosis epidemic in India: challenges and implications
Aliabbas A,Husain1,Andreas Kupz,Rajpal S,Kashyap 한국역학회 2021 Epidemiology and Health Vol.43 No.-
India has a higher tuberculosis (TB) burden than any other country, accounting for an estimated one-fourth of the global burden. Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) presents a major public health problem in India. Patients with DR-TB often require profound changes in their drug regimens, which are invariably linked to poor treatment adherence and sub-optimal treatment outcomes compared to drug-sensitive TB. The challenge of addressing DR-TB is critical for India, as India contributes over 27% of global DR-TB cases. In recent decades, India has been proactive in its battle against TB, even implementing a revised National Strategic Plan to eliminate TB by 2025. However, to achieve this ambitious goal, the country will need to take a multifaceted approach with respect to its management of DR-TB. Despite concerted efforts made by the National TB Elimination Program, India faces substantial challenges with regard to DR-TB care, especially in peripheral and resource-limited endemic zones. This article describes some of the major challenges associated with mitigating the growing DR-TB epidemic in India and their implications.
Study of density of localized states in a-Ga x Se100-x alloysusing SCLC measurements
M. Husain,Shagufta B. Husain,M. Zulfequar,M.A. Majeed Khan 한국물리학회 2004 Current Applied Physics Vol.4 No.5
DC conductivity measurements have been made as a function of temperature and electric eld on a-GaxSe100-x (0≤x≤10)samples, in order to study the eect of the electric eld and temperature on the conduction mechanism. The present paper reports themeasurements on space charge limited conduction (SCLC) in vacuum evaporated amorphous thin lms of a-GaxSe100-x where 0≤x≤10. At high fields (~10⁴V/cm), the current could be tted to the theory of space charge limited conduction, in case ofuniform distribution of localized states in the mobility gap of these materials. The addition of Gallium (Ga) in a-GaxSe100-x results in an increase in the density of localized states and hence an increase in conductivity.
Gulam Mohammed Husain,Syed Shoeb Ahmed,Misbahuddin Azhar,Javed Inam Siddiqui,Mohammad Abdul Waheed,Munawwar Husain Kazmi 한국한의학연구원 2017 Integrative Medicine Research Vol.6 No.1
Background: Jawarish Jalinoos (JJ) is a classical semisolid traditional Unani formulation clinically used for the treatment of weakness of vital organs, liver, and stomach. Although JJ has been widely used clinically for several decades, no scientific report is available for its safety. Methods: JJ and its sugar-free tablet version (SFJJ; formulated to target diabetic population) were assessed for safety in rats. Ninety-day repeated dose oral toxicity study was performed as per the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Guideline 408. JJ was orally administered at the dose of 2000 mg/kg bw/d, whereas SFJJ was orally administered at the doses of 506 mg/kg body weight (bw)/d, 1012 mg/kg bw/d, and 2024 mg/kg bw/d for 90 days. The animals were periodically observed for clinical signs of toxicity, mortality, morbidity, body weight changes, and feed consumption. At the end of the study, hematology, clinical biochemistry, electrolytes, gross pathology, relative organ weight, and histological examination were performed. Results: Treatment with SFJJ and JJ showed no significant differences in body weight gain, feed consumption, hematology, clinical biochemistry, and serum electrolytes. No gross pathological findings and differences in relative organ weights were observed between control and drug treated rats. Histological examination revealed no toxicologically significant abnormalities related with SFJJ or JJ treatment. Conclusion: The 90-day repeated dose oral toxicity study demonstrates that the no observed adverse effect level of SFJJ and JJ is greater than 2024 mg/kg bw/d and 2000 mg/kg bw/d (p.o.) in rats, respectively. Both formulations were found to be safe up to the tested dose levels and experimental conditions, and therefore safe for clinical use as specified in the literature.
MIXED TYPE DUALITY FOR CONTROL PROBLEMS WITH GENERALIZED INVEXITY
Husain, I.,Ahmed, A.,Ahmad, B. Korean Society of Computational and Applied Mathem 2008 Journal of applied mathematics & informatics Vol.26 No.5
A mixed type dual to the control problem in order to unify Wolfe and Mond-Weir type dual control problem is presented in various duality results are validated and the generalized invexity assumptions. It is pointed out that our results can be extended to the control problems with free boundary conditions. The duality results for nonlinear programming problems already existing in the literature are deduced as special cases of our results.
CONTINUOUS PROGRAMMING CONTAINING SUPPORT FUNCTIONS
Husain, I.,Jabeen, Z. Korean Society of Computational and Applied Mathem 2008 Journal of applied mathematics & informatics Vol.26 No.1
In this paper, we derive necessary optimality conditions for a continuous programming problem in which both objective and constraint functions contain support functions and is, therefore, nondifferentiable. It is shown that under generalized invexity of functionals, Karush-Kuhn-Tucker type optimality conditions for the continuous programming problem are also sufficient. Using these optimality conditions, we construct dual problems of both Wolfe and Mond-Weir types and validate appropriate duality theorems under invexity and generalized invexity. A mixed type dual is also proposed and duality results are validated under generalized invexity. A special case which often occurs in mathematical programming is that in which the support function is the square root of a positive semidefinite quadratic form. Further, it is also pointed out that our results can be considered as dynamic generalizations of those of (static) nonlinear programming with support functions recently incorporated in the literature.
Analysis of Material Flow and Heat Transfer in Reverse Dual Rotation Friction Stir Welding: A Review
Husain Mehdi,R. S. MISHRA 한국강구조학회 2019 International Journal of Steel Structures Vol.19 No.2
This review paper provides an over view of the modelling approach of reverse dual rotation friction stir welding (RDR-FSW) by interpreting governing mathematical equations and fi nite element formulation of heat transfer and material fl ow for diff erent material like Mild steel and Aluminum alloy with the help of DEFORM-3D and ANSYS Fluent software. RDR-FSW is a novel variant of conventional FSW process. The key feature is that the tool pin and the assisted shoulder rotates reversely and independently during the process, thus, it has great potential to improve the weld quality and lower the welding loads through adjusting the rotating speeds of the tool pin and the assisted shoulder independently. This review concludes with recommendation for future research directions.
MIXED TYPE SECOND-ORDER DUALITY WITH SUPPORT FUNCTION
Husain, I.,Ahmed, A.,Masoodi, Mashoob The Korean Society for Computational and Applied M 2009 Journal of applied mathematics & informatics Vol.27 No.5
Mixed type second order dual to the non-differentiable problem containing support functions is formulated and duality theorems are proved under generalized second order convexity conditions. It is pointed out that the mixed type duality results already reported in the literature are the special cases of our results.
Alternatives to Enhance Flat Slab Ductility
Husain, Mohamed,Eisa, Ahmed S.,Roshdy, Ramy Korea Concrete Institute 2017 International Journal of Concrete Structures and M Vol.11 No.1
Flat slab systems are vastly used in multi-story buildings because of their savings in story height and construction time, as well as for their flexibility in architectural remodeling. However, they frequently suffer brittle punching-shear failure around columns, especially when subjected to lateral loads. Therefore, seismic codes labeled flat slabs as non-ductile systems. This research goal is investigating some construction alternatives to enhance flat slab ductility and deformability. The alternatives are: adding different types of punching-shear reinforcement, using discreet fibers in concrete mixes, and increasing thickness of slab around columns. The experimental study included preparation and testing of seven half-scale interior slab-column connections up to failure. The first specimen is considered a reference, the second two specimens made of concrete mixes with different volumetric ratios of polymer fibers. Another three specimens reinforced with different types of punching-shear reinforcement, and the last specimen constructed with drop panel of inverted pyramidal shape. It is found that using the inverted pyramid-shape drop panel of specimen, increases the punching-shear capacity, and the initial and the post-cracking stiffnesses. The initial elastic stiffnesses are different for all specimens especially for the slab with closed stirrups where it is experienced the highest initial stiffness compared to the reference slab.