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RISS 인기검색어
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- 저자 : Greenfield, P.F. (검색결과 4 건)
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Advancd Treatment by Biological Processes - Biological Nutrient Removal
( Paul F . Greenfield,Kin Man Ho,Linda L . Blackall,Peter R . F . Bell,Andre Krol ) 한국물환경학회 1994 한국물환경학회지 Vol.10 No.3
Biological phosphorus and nitrogen removal and related sludge bulking control in both intermittent cyclic and continuous activated sludge systems are assessed. Experimental results from a laboratory-scale investigation using fermented domestic sewage indicated the advantages of achieving high levels of P ana N removal and good sludge-settling properties using the intermittent cyclic process, as compared to the space-oriented operation of a continuous facility. Accordingly, this cost-effective, simple and reliable technology is receiving wide acceptance as an appropriate technology for not only small treatment applications but in creasingly for large installations. The modified intermittently fed and decanted system incorporating non-mixing sequences produced an effluent quality of NO₃-N$lt;5 ㎎/ℓ, PO₄-P$lt; 1 ㎎/ℓ and NH₃-N$lt;2 ㎎/ℓ, with a nonbulking sludge having a sludge volume index $lt; 120 ㎖/g, despite unfavourable influent characteristics (TCOD:TKN $lt; 7, TKN$gt; 60㎎/ℓ, TP - 7 - 10 ㎎/ℓ and RBCOD $lt;30㎎/ℓ). In contrast, the modified 4-stage Bar-denpho process could not achieve an effluent PO₄-P concentration of $lt; 1 ㎎/ℓ The effluent NO₃-N concentration and sludge volume index (SVI) were always high and occasionally reached 16 ㎎/ℓ and 422 ㎖/g, respectively. The causative filaments were identified to be the low F:M growers - Types 0041/0675.
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An, Seong-Soo A.,Greenfield, Robert S. Korean Chemical Society 2012 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.33 No.9
The use of aspirin is widely recommended for the prevention of heart attacks owing to its ability to inhibit platelet activation by irreversibly blocking cyclooxygenase 1. However, aspirin also affects the fibrinolytic and hemostatic pathways by mechanisms that are not well understood, causing severe hemorrhagic complications. Here, we investigated the ability of aspirin and aspirin metabolites to inhibit thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI), the major inhibitor of plasma fibrinolysis. TAFI is activated via proteolytic cleavage by the thrombin-thrombomodulin complex to TAFIa, a carboxypeptidase B-like enzyme. TAFIa modulates fibrinolysis by removing the C-terminal arginine and lysine residues from partially degraded fibrin, which in turn inhibits the binding of plasminogen to fibrin clots. Aspirin and its major metabolites, salicylic acid, gentisic acid, and salicyluric acid, inhibit TAFIa carboxypeptidase activity. Salicyluric acid effectively blocks activation of TAFI by thrombin-thrombomodulin; however, salicylates do not inhibit carboxypeptidase N or pancreatic carboxypeptidase B. Aspirin and other salicylates accelerated the dissolution of fibrin clots and reduced thrombus formation in an in vitro model of fibrinolysis. Inhibition of TAFI represents a novel hemostatic mechanism that contributes to aspirin's therapy-associated antithrombotic activity and hemorrhagic complications.
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안성수,Robert S. Greenfield 대한화학회 2012 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.33 No.9
The use of aspirin is widely recommended for the prevention of heart attacks owing to its ability to inhibit platelet activation by irreversibly blocking cyclooxygenase 1. However, aspirin also affects the fibrinolytic and hemostatic pathways by mechanisms that are not well understood, causing severe hemorrhagic complications. Here, we investigated the ability of aspirin and aspirin metabolites to inhibit thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI), the major inhibitor of plasma fibrinolysis. TAFI is activated via proteolytic cleavage by the thrombin-thrombomodulin complex to TAFIa, a carboxypeptidase B-like enzyme. TAFIa modulates fibrinolysis by removing the C-terminal arginine and lysine residues from partially degraded fibrin, which in turn inhibits the binding of plasminogen to fibrin clots. Aspirin and its major metabolites, salicylic acid, gentisic acid, and salicyluric acid, inhibit TAFIa carboxypeptidase activity. Salicyluric acid effectively blocks activation of TAFI by thrombin-thrombomodulin; however, salicylates do not inhibit carboxypeptidase N or pancreatic carboxypeptidase B. Aspirin and other salicylates accelerated the dissolution of fibrin clots and reduced thrombus formation in an in vitro model of fibrinolysis. Inhibition of TAFI represents a novel hemostatic mechanism that contributes to aspirin’s therapy-associated antithrombotic activity and hemorrhagic complications.
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Physical, Chemical and Biomethanation Characteristics of Stratified Cattle-Manure Slurry
Ong, H.K.,Pullammanappallil, P.C.,Greenfield, P.F. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2000 Animal Bioscience Vol.13 No.11
In the quiescent state, cattle-manure slurry stratifies into three discernible layers, namely a floating scum layer, a bottom sludge layer and a watery middle layer. The proportions of top (scum), middle and bottom (sludge) layers were approximately 20, 60 and 20% respectively of the volume of the whole slurry. Particulate matter from the different stratified layers was characterised for particle size distribution and cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin composition. Total solids concentrations of top, middle and bottom layers were 12.7, 2.8 and 7.4% respectively. Larger particles were found in the top layer compared with the bottom. The top layer contained the highest amounts of Neutral Detergent Fibre (NDF), Acid Detergent Fibre (ADF), cellulose and hemicellulose, but the lowest amount of Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN). The bottom layer contained the highest amounts of Acid Detergent Lignin (ADL) and TKN. With increase in particle size, there were increases in NDF, ADF, cellulose and hemicellulose, accompanied by decreases in ADL and TKN. Biochemical methane potential of the three layers was also measured. The top layer was found to produce the most methane with the middle layer producing the least. Biomethanation rate from the top layer was also the highest. Differences in biomethanation rates and biochemical methane potential were attributed to differences in chemical composition of the particulate matter. About 48%, 23% and 30% of the total chemical oxygen demand (COD) in the top, middle and bottom layers respectively of the slurry was found to be degradable.
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