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Sulfur Ylide Vinylation of Halides and Mesylates
Le Gall,T.,Martel, J. P.,Harnett, J. J.,Shin,Dong-Soo,Flack, J. R.,Mioskowski, C.,Alcaraz, L. 國立昌原大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1994 基礎科學硏究所論文集 Vol.6 No.-
One-carbon homologation of benzylic, allylic, propargylic and primary halides or mesylates with dimethylsulfonium methylide affords terminal olefins in good to excellent yields.
A Novel Synthesis of Homologated Allylic Alcohols Using Dimethylsulphonium Methylide
Le Gall, T.,Harnett, J. J.,Alcaraz, L.,Shin,Dong-Soo,Flack, J. R.,Mioskowski, C.,Martel, J. P. 國立昌原大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1994 基礎科學硏究所論文集 Vol.6 No.-
The reaction of excess dimethylsulphonium methylide with various aliphatic and aromatic ketones leads exclusively to homologated allylic alcohols in good yields.
Particulate matter in urban nursery schools: A case study of Seoul, Korea during winter months
Rim, Donghyun,Gall, Elliott T.,Kim, Jong Bum,Bae, Gwi-Nam Elsevier 2017 Building and environment Vol.119 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Airborne particulate matter (PM) is closely linked to a range of adverse health outcomes such as oxidative stress-induced DNA damage and respiratory symptoms. A number of young children aged under 5 years spend a significant amount of time in nurseries worldwide. However, few studies examine children's exposure to PM in nursery environments. The objective of this study is to characterize five important metrics of particulate matter pollutants in urban nurseries in a mega-city, Seoul, Korea during winter days. 48 h field measurements were performed at four urban nurseries to monitor size-resolved particle number (PN) concentration (10–700 nm), lung-deposited surface area (LDSA, 10–1000 nm), and mass concentrations of PM<SUB>2.5</SUB>, PM<SUB>10</SUB>, and black carbon (BC). Other environmental parameters such as CO<SUB>2</SUB> concentration, temperature, and relative humidity (RH) were measured. Results show that indoor PN concentrations and LDSA are notably elevated during occupancy, mainly due to window opening. During window-open periods, the geometric mean of indoor particle size distribution is in the range of 30–40 nm, similar to the geometric mean of the outdoor particle size distribution. For all nurseries, the daily-integrated exposure to PN had an overall mean of 170 × 10<SUP>3</SUP>/cm<SUP>3</SUP> h/day and a relative standard deviation of 32%. The indoor mean concentrations of BC and LDSA during occupancy is comparable to those of busy roads in populated cities such as Zurich, Lisbon and Barcelona, suggesting high potential for lung deposition of UFP in nursery classrooms.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> We examine children's exposure to particulate matter in urban nurseries. </LI> <LI> Indoor ultrafine PM and black carbon levels are sensitive to window opening. </LI> <LI> High potential for lung deposition of UFP is observed in urban nurseries. </LI> <LI> Improved ventilation is needed to limit exposure to particles in urban nurseries. </LI> </UL> </P>
Lee, Ji-Woong,Mayer-Gall, Thomas,Opwis, Klaus,Song, Choong Eui,Gutmann, Jochen Stefan,List, Benjamin American Association for the Advancement of Scienc 2013 Science Vol.341 No.6151
<P><B>Catalytic Parachute</B></P><P>Small organic molecules have emerged as catalysts as versatile as transition metal complexes. However, industrial application of such organocatalysts has been hampered by technical challenges. Now <B>Lee <I>et al.</I></B> (p. 1225) have succeeded in tethering a diverse set of high-performance organocatalysts to nylon fabric through ultraviolet photochemistry, making them easy to isolate and reuse.</P>
Boo, Ga Hun,Le Gall, Line,Miller, Kathy Ann,Freshwater, D. Wilson,Wernberg, Thomas,Terada, Ryuta,Yoon, Kyung Ju,Boo, Sung Min Academic Press 2016 Molecular phylogenetics and evolution Vol.101 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Although the Gelidiales are economically important marine red algae producing agar and agarose, the phylogeny of this order remains poorly resolved. The present study provides a molecular phylogeny based on a novel marker, nuclear-encoded <I>Ces</I>A, plus plastid-encoded <I>psa</I>A, <I>psb</I>A, <I>rbc</I>L, and mitochondria-encoded <I>cox</I>1 from subsets of 107 species from all ten genera within the Gelidiales. Analyses of individual and combined datasets support the monophyly of three currently recognized families, and reveal a new clade. On the basis of these results, the new family Orthogonacladiaceae is described to accommodate <I>Aphanta</I> and a new genus <I>Orthogonacladia</I> that includes species previously classified as <I>Gelidium madagascariense</I> and <I>Pterocladia rectangularis</I>. <I>Acanthopeltis</I> is merged with <I>Gelidium</I>, which has nomenclatural priority. Nuclear-encoded <I>Ces</I>A was found to be useful for improving the resolution of phylogenetic relationships within the Gelidiales and is likely to be valuable for the inference of phylogenetic relationship among other red algal taxa.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> A comprehensive molecular phylogeny of 107 species in ten genera of the Gelidiales is provided for the first time. </LI> <LI> Nuclear <I>Ces</I>A is an informative molecular marker for the phylogeny of the Gelidiales. </LI> <LI> Multi-gene phylogenies (including 5 markers) improve resolution of phylogenetic relationships in the Gelidiales. </LI> <LI> A new genus and a new family are described: <I>Orthogonacladia</I> gen. nov. and Orthogonacladiaceae fam. nov. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>