THE ELECTRON FRACTION AND THE FERMI ENERGY OF RELATIVISTIC ELECTRONS IN A NEUTRON STAR

GAO, ZHI FU,LI, X.D.,WANG, N.,PENG, Q.H. The Korean Astronomical Society 2015 天文學論叢 Vol.30 No.2

We first deduce a uniform formula forthe Fermi energy of degenerate and relativistic electrons in the weak-magnetic field approximation. Then we obtain an expression of the special solution for the electron Fermi energy through this formula, and express the electron Fermi energy as a function of electron fraction and matter density. Our method is universally suitable for relativistic electron- matter regions in neutron stars in the weak-magnetic field approximation.

Effects of Sn and Mn Addition on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of As-Extruded Mg–2Al–1Zn Alloys

Fu‑Hao Gao,Bin‑Jiang Lv,Tie‑Wei Xu,Ning Cui,Feng Guo 대한금속·재료학회 2023 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.29 No.11

The effects of low Sn (1.0 wt%) and Mn (0.5 wt%) content on the microstructures and mechanical properties of as-extrudedMg–2Al–1Zn (AZ21) alloys were systematically investigated. The combined addition of Sn and Mn significantly refinedthe grains of the AZ21 alloy, reducing the average grain size from 25.77 to 2.17 μm. The volume fraction of the dynamicallyrecrystallized (DRXed) grains decreased from 78.49 to 43.81% with Sn (1.0 wt%) and Mn (0.5 wt%) addition. The Al8Mn5,Al11Mn4,and Al9Mn4phases were formed in Mg–2Al–1Zn–1Sn–0.5Mn (AZTM2110) alloy, and the Mg17Al12phase disappeared. The orientation relationship between Al9Mn4and Al11Mn4was (002)Al11Mn4//(̄ 302)Al9Mn4, [ ̄ 100]Al11Mn4//[223]Al9Mn4,and the orientation relationship between Al8Mn5and α-Mg was ( ̄ 252)Al8Mn5//(̄ 12̄ 13)α−Mg. The Al9Mn4and Al11Mn4phasesgrew in the same direction. The intensity of basal fiber texture of AZTM2110 alloy decreased by 21.7%. The ultimatetensile strength, yield strength, and elongation of the AZ21 alloy increased by 29.03%, 65.05%, and 61.02%, respectively. Grain-refinement strengthening was the main mechanism underlying the improvement in AZTM2110 alloy strength. Grainrefinement and the weakened basal fiber texture improved the plasticity of the AZTM2110 alloy.

Research on Consistency Maintenance of Right Management Operations in Real time Collaboration Environments

Liping Gao,Qiongqiong Fu,Lili Gao,Yuben Zhang,Qingkui Chen 보안공학연구지원센터 2014 International Journal of Database Theory and Appli Vol.7 No.3

중(中),한(韓) 유교식 조상제사의 비교 연구

고복승 ( Fu Sheng Gao ) 경희대학교 민속학연구소 2010 한국의 민속과 문화 Vol.15 No.-

본 논문은 중국 산동성과 한국의 조상제사를 비교하였다. 제Ⅱ장에서는 먼저 중국과 한국의 유교식 조상제사의 양상을 분석했다. 중국은 설날, 한식, 7월 15일, 10월 1일, 부모님의 忌日에 기제를 크게 지낸다. 한국은 설날, 한식, 단오, 추석, 기제를 크게 지내고 있다. 제Ⅲ장에서는 중국과 한국 조상제사의 지속과 변화의 모습에 주목하였다. 근대에 들어와 중국과 한국은 봉건시대에서 벗어나 민주화 시대에 접어들면서 조상제사의 의미가 퇴색되었다. 지금은 비록 유교식 조상제사가 정치적 역할을 하지는 않지만 孝사상을 선양하는 사회적 통념 속에서 큰 가치를 갖고 있다. 따라서 유교식 조상제사는 보존되고 지속되어야 한다. 그러나 유교식 조상제사는 날이 갈수록 사라지고 있다. 중국의 경우는 공산주사상의 영향으로, 한국의 경우는 기독교와 천주교를 비롯한 외래 종교의 영향으로 약화되는 추세이다. Ancestral rites are ceremonies dedicating the ancestors as a sacrificial ritual. China and Korea have the same confucian culture, and also they have lots of things in common and differences. Nevertheless, there aren`t many comparative studies in confucian ancestral rites so far. This thesis says the sameness and the differences of two countries` confucian ancestral rites based on the research on the critical apparatus and on-site inspections of the confucian ancestral tires. In the first chapter, examining Chinese confucian ancestral rites developments and Korean confucian ancestral rites acceptance and developments, the thesis studies the ancestral rites done in two countries. In the second chapter, the thesis compares the concept, time, place, kinds and offerings of Shandong Sheng in China and Korea`s ancestral rites. Through this comparison, it not only defines the sameness and differences of the two countries` confucian ancestral rites but also it analyzes the causes of differences. In the third chapter, the thesis compares the continuation and the changes of the confucian ancestral rites. Although though the confucian ancestral rites continue in two countries, they have been changed a lot. So, this thesis analyzes a political, cultural, economical and religious cause changing the confucian ancestral rites. The following is the sameness of the confucian ancestral rites in China and Korea. First, the confucian ancestral rites are a composite of the head family system and the confucian ideas formed in the Thou Dynasty. It means only the first son has the right to perform ancestral rites. Even now, on a big traditional holiday like lunar new year`s day, the family gets together in the first son`s house and performs ancestral rites. Second, successive rulers spreaded the confucian ancestral rites to the public to strengthen royal authority. Third, the confucian ancestral rites are decreasing these days. The following is the differences. First, the two countries have the different generation ancestral rites. China performs the three generation ancestral rites, while Korea performs the four generation ancestral rites. Second, the time of the ancestral rites are different. China performs the ancestral rites on lunar new year`s day, Hansik (the 105th day after the winter solstice), 15th July, 1st October and the day of parents` death. Korea performs the ancestral rites on lunar new year`s day, Hansik (the 105th day after the winter solstice), Dano (the fifth day of the fifth month of the year), Chuseok (August 15th in the lunar calendar) and the anniversaries of the four generation`s death. Third, the places are different. China performs the ancestral rites at a main floored room and a graveyard. Korea performs the ancestral rites at a shrine and a graveyard. Fourth, offerings are different. In China fried foods are offered while in Korea, seafoods are offered as a offering. Fifth, types are different. China has a house rite, a graveyard rite and a shrine rite, but Korea has rites held four times a year, a graveyard rite and a rite held on an anniversary of a person`s death. Sixth, the changes of confucian ancestral rites are different. China has outside simplified the process of confucian ancestral rites, but inside China still has the confucian ideas. Korea has been influenced the Christianity so, many Koreans have performed the ancestral rites as the Christian religion.

Scutellaria baicalensis Inhibits Coxsackievirus B3-Induced Myocarditis Via AKT and p38 Pathways

( Qiang Fu ),( Lu Gao ),( Xiao Fu ),( Qinghua Meng ),( Zhihong Lu ) 한국미생물생명공학회(구 한국산업미생물학회) 2019 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.29 No.8

Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi has been widely used in China for treatment of various diseases. This study investigated the effect of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi extracts (SBE) against Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3)-induced myocarditis in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, Hela cells and primary myocardial cells were infected with CVB3 and treated with SBE (50-800 μg/ml) and ribavirin (200 μM) for 48 h and then determined by CCK8 assay. Real-time PCR and western blotting assays were performed. In vivo, a myocarditis model was induced in male BALB/c mice by injecting CVB3 suspension intraperitoneally for three times, followed by treatment with SBE (400 and 200 mg/kg) and ribavirin (100 mg/kg) for 28 days. SBE ameliorated the cytotoxicity of CVB3 in Hela cells, especially at 400 μg/ml (39.93% vs 65.67%, p < 0.05) without influencing cell growth and also significantly reduced CVB3 replication in primary myocardial cells. The levels of AKT, ERK, and p38 were increased after CVB3 infection. SBE could downregulate the expressions of AKT and p38. In vivo, the mortality rate from CVB3 reached to 66.67%, while 10.00% and 23.33% of this came after 400 and 200 mg/kg SBE treatment, respectively (p < 0.05). The CVB3 replication was obviously reduced after SBE administration from day 5. Similarly, the levels of AKT, ERK, and p38 mRNAs and proteins were increased, and SBE suppressed the expression of AKT and p38. Our study indicates that SBE is a promising potent antiviral agent against CVB3-induced myocarditis by inhibition of virus replication via depressing AKT and p38 expressions.

Cloning and Characterization of a Novel Mannanase from Paenibacillus sp. BME-14

( Xiao Yu Fu ),( Xiao Luo Huang ),( Peng Fu Liu ),( Ling Lin ),( Gao Bing Wu ),( Chan Juan Li ),( Chun Fang Feng ),( Yu Zhi Hong ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2010 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.20 No.3

Preparation and In Vivo Evaluation of Huperzine A-Loaded PLGA Microspheres

FU XU-DONG,GAO YONG-LIANG,PING QI-LENG,Ren Tang The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea 2005 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.28 No.9

Huperzine A-loaded microspheres composed of poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) were prepared by an O/w emulsion solvent evaporation method. The characterization of the microspheres such as drug loading, size, shape and release profile was described. The in vitro release in the initial 7 days was nearly linear with $10\%$ released per day. Thereafter drug release rate became slow gradually and about $90\%$ drug released at day 21. The in vitro release rate determined by dialysis bag method had a good correlation with the in vivo release rate. Huperzine A aqueous solution was intramuscularly injected (i.m.) at 0.4mg/kg and microspheres were intra­muscularly injected at 8.4 mg eq huperzine A/kg in rats. The maxium plasma concentration $(C_{max})$ after i.m. microspheres was only $32\%$ of that after i.m. solution. Drug in plasma could be detectd until day 14 and about $5\%$ of administered dose was residued at the injection site at day 14. The relative bioavailability of huperzine A microspheres over a period of 14 days was $94.7\%$. Inhibition of acyecholinesterase activity (AchE) in rat's cortex, hippocampus and striatum could sustain for about 14 days. In conclusion, huperzine A-loaded microspheres possessed a prolonged and complete drug release with significant inhibition of AchE for 2 weeks in rats.

Determining a Detectable Threshold of Signal Intensity in cDNA Microarray Based on Accumulated Distribution

Gao, Xia,Fu, Xuping,Li, Tao,Zi, Jian,Luo, Yao,Wei, Qing,Zeng, Erliang,Xie, Yi,Li, Yao,Mao, Yumin 생화학분자생물학회 2003 Journal of biochemistry and molecular biology Vol.36 No.6

In microarray data mining, one of the key problems is how to handle weak signals. Based on a bent piecewise linear accumulated distribution generally found in the microarray data, a new detectable threshold finding method is proposed to filter genes with unreliable information in this paper. More reliable and reproducible data is produced for the subsequent data mining.

Overexpression of Twist and Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 with Metastasis and Prognosis in Gastric Cancer

Gao, Xing-Hui,Yang, Xue-Qin,Wang, Bi-Cheng,Liu, Shao-Ping,Wang, Fu-Bing Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.9

Objective: Twist, a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor, plays a key role in the metastatic progression of human cancer. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 is an endopeptidase that digests basement membrane type IV collagen, therefore being possibly related to tumor progression. It has been reported that Twist and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) are expressed in gastric cancers. However, the exact roles of Twist and MMP-9 in tumor metastasis and prognosis remain unclear. The aim of this study was to casts light on this question. Methods:Twist and MMP-9 expression in tissue sections of 37 gastric carcinomas was evaluated with immunohistochemistry. The staining results were compared with clinicopatholgic features and to patients' outcome. Results: Twist positive expression was significantly increased in gastric cancer cases with lymph node metastasis (P=0.023). But no correlations were found between MMP-9 overexpression and clinicopathologic features, such as recurrence, TNM stage, and lymph node metastasis. Overall survival (OS) was significantly correlated with recurrence, serosa invasion, TNM stages, distant metastasis, and MMP-9 (P=0.027, 0.021, 0.000, 0.024 and 0.036, respectively). Disease-free survival (DFS) was prominently related to recurrence location, serosa invasion and TNM stages (P=0.000, 0.038 and 0.003, respectively). In the Cox regression multivariate analysis, TNM stage, distant metastasis and MMP-9 were significantly associated with prognosis of gastric cancer (P=0.002, 0.019, and 0.032, respectively). Conclusions: This study showed Twist positive expression to be significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis in gastric cancer. MMP-9 overexpression is associated with OS, suggesting that MMP-9 is a prognostic indicator for survival in patients with gastric cancer.

Biotransformation, a Promising Technology for Anti-cancer Drug Development

Gao, Fei,Zhang, Jin-Ming,Wang, Zhan-Guo,Peng, Wei,Hu, Hui-Ling,Fu, Chao-Mei Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.10

With the high morbidity and mortality caused by cancer, finding new and more effective anti-cancer drugs is very urgent. In current research, biotransformation plays a vital role in the research and development of cancer drugs and has obtained some achievements. In this review, we have summarized four applications as follows: to exploit novel anti-cancer drugs, to improve existing anti-cancer drugs, to broaden limited anti-cancer drug resources and to investigate correlative mechanisms. Three different groups of important anti-cancer compounds were assessed to clarify the current practical applications of biotransformation in the development of anti-cancer drugs.