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Exposure of Infants to Aflatoxin M1 from Mother’s Breast Milk in Ilam, Western Iran
Farajollah Maleki,Soghra Abdi,Elaham Davodian,Karimeh Haghani,Salar Bakhtiyari 질병관리본부 2015 Osong Public Health and Research Persptectives Vol.6 No.5
Objectives: Aflatoxins as a highly toxic group of mycotoxins are present in the environment and foodstuff. These have been reported to cause serious health problems in humans. Since aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is excreted into breast milk, investigating the exposure of infants to AFM1 is of special concern. Methods: In the present study, breast milk samples were collected from 85 lactating mothers in Ilam province, Iran, and the levels of AFM1 were analyzed using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-based technique. AFM1 was detected in breast milk of all lactating women. The mean contamination level was 5.91 ± 2.031 ng/L, ranging from 2 ng/L to 10 ng/L. Results: Multiple regression analysis indicated no significant associations of consumption of milk and dairy products, meat, fish, legumes, grain products, fruits, and nuts with the concentration of AFM1 in breast milk. Furthermore, no significant association was observed between AFM1 concentration and anthropometric data of infants. Conclusion: In western parts of Iran, lactating mothers and their infants could be at risk of aflatoxin B1 and AFM1 exposure, respectively. Therefore, in Iran, the evaluation of AFM1 in human breast milk as a biomarker for postnatal exposure of infants to this carcinogen requires more attention in different regions and various seasons.
Maserat, Elham,Farajollah, Seiede Sedigheh Seied,Safdari, Reza,Ghazisaeedi, Marjan,Aghdaei, Hamid Asadzadeh,Zali, Mohammad Reza Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.15
Background: Colorectal cancer is a major cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. Colorectal cancer screening is an optimal way for reducing of morbidity and mortality and a clinical decision support system (CDSS) plays an important role in predicting success of screening processes. DSS is a computer-based information system that improves the delivery of preventive care services. The aim of this article was to detail engineering of information requirements and work flow design of CDSS for a colorectal cancer screening program. Materials and Methods: In the first stage a screening minimum data set was determined. Developed and developing countries were analyzed for identifying this data set. Then information deficiencies and gaps were determined by check list. The second stage was a qualitative survey with a semi-structured interview as the study tool. A total of 15 users and stakeholders' perspectives about workflow of CDSS were studied. Finally workflow of DSS of control program was designed by standard clinical practice guidelines and perspectives. Results: Screening minimum data set of national colorectal cancer screening program was defined in five sections, including colonoscopy data set, surgery, pathology, genetics and pedigree data set. Deficiencies and information gaps were analyzed. Then we designed a work process standard of screening. Finally workflow of DSS and entry stage were determined. Conclusions: A CDSS facilitates complex decision making for screening and has key roles in designing optimal interactions between colonoscopy, pathology and laboratory departments. Also workflow analysis is useful to identify data reconciliation strategies to address documentation gaps. Following recommendations of CDSS should improve quality of colorectal cancer screening.
Ehsan Sepahi,Saeed Tarighi,Farajollah Shahriari Ahmadi,Abdolreza Bagheri 한국미생물학회 2015 The journal of microbiology Vol.53 No.2
Ferula (Ferula asafoetida L.) and Dorema (Dorema aucheri Bioss.) both from Apiaceae family were tested for their antiquorum sensing (QS) activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Both essential oils exhibited anti-QS activity at 25 μg/ml of concenteration. At this concenteration Ferula fully abolished and Dorema reduced the violacein production by C. violaceum. Pyocyanin, pyoverdine, elastase and biofilm production were decreased in Ferula oil treatments. Dorema oil reduced pyoverdine and elastase production, while pyocyanin and biofilm production were not affacted. Expresion analysis of QS-dependent genes confirmed our phenotypic data. Our data introduced native Dorema and Ferula plants as novel QS and virulence inhibitors.
Sazegari Sima,Niazi Ali,Shahriari-Ahmadi Farajollah,Afsharifar Alireza 한국원예학회 2022 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.63 No.5
Terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIA) are important pharmaceuticals produced in low amounts through the terpenoid indole alkaloid pathway in Catharanthus roseus. Production of these alkaloids is controlled by biosynthetic and regulatory genes. CrMYC1 is a chief transcription factor that regulates terpenoid indole alkaloid production. In this study, we cloned CrMYC1 and overexpressed it in C. roseus hairy roots to investigate its effect on the production of the TIAs ajmalicine and catharan- thine. qRT-PCR results revealed that CrMYC1 expression in transgenic CrMYC1-overexpressing hairy root lines was 3–6 times higher than that of the wild-type hairy root control line. Also, we detected a significant increase in strictosidine β-D- glucosidase (SGD) expression, a critical enzyme in TIA biosynthesis, in the overexpression lines. HPLC analysis showed that CrMYC1 overexpression significantly improved the accumulation of ajmalicine (13 to 14-fold) and catharanthine (3 to 4.4-fold) compared to the control hairy root line. These results provide insight into the role of this understudied transcription factor in TIA pathway regulation and emphasize further research objectives.