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Bridging Solutions for a Heterogeneous WiMAX-WiFi Scenario
Fantacci, Romano,Tarchi, Daniele The Korea Institute of Information and Commucation 2006 Journal of communications and networks Vol.8 No.4
Recently, the metropolitan area network (MAN) has attracted much attention in telecommunication research and has emerged as one of the most important research topics in the community. Several standards representing the first step for developing metropolitan networks have been published; IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) has taken a relevant role in reaching the goal of realizing a full-service network all over a urban and suburban area. At the same time, the wireless local area networks (WLAN) have been widely used for in-home or short range communications, mainly basing on the IEEE 802.11 (WiFi) standard. A consequence is the increasing interest in interworking technology, that allows an interconnection between different standards by maintaining certain properties, mainly in terms of quality of service (QoS). One of the major issues is to design bridging devices capable of transparently interconnect different wireless technologies. In this paper, we propose two interconnection bridging solutions between WiMAX and WiFi links; the first is more based on the concept of maintaining a certain end-to-end QoS level independently from the wireless technologies used. The second method is more devoted to the reduction of the implementation complexity at the cost of no QoS assurance. The performance of the two methods are compared by resorting to computer simulations showing the advantages of each one technique.
Dualeh, Amalie,De Angelis, Filippo,Fantacci, Simona,Moehl, Thomas,Yi, Chenyi,Kessler, Florian,Baranoff, Etienne,Nazeeruddin, Mohammad K.,Grä,tzel, Michael American Chemical Society 2012 The Journal of Physical Chemistry Part C Vol. No.
<P>In solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells (ssDSCs), the poor pore filling of the mesoporous semiconductor and the short diffusion length of charge carriers in the hole-transport material (HTM) have limited the mesoscopic titania layer to a thickness of 2–3 μm. To increase the amount of light harvested by ssDSCs, organic dyes with high molar extinction coefficients are of great importance and have been the focus of intensive research. Here we investigate ssDSCs using an organic D−π–A dye, coded Y123, and 2,2′,7,7′-tetrakis(<I>N</I>,<I>N</I>-di-<I>p</I>-methoxyphenylamine)-9,9′-spirobifluorene as a hole-transport material, exhibiting 934 mV open-circuit potential and 6.9% efficiency at standard solar conditions (AM1.5G, 100 mW cm<SUP>–2</SUP>), which is a significant improvement compared to the analogue dyes C218, C220, and JK2 (<I>V</I><SUB>oc</SUB> values of 795, 781, and 914 mV, respectively). An upward shift in the conduction band edge was observed from photovoltage transient decay and impedance spectroscopy measurements for devices sensitized with Y123 and JK2 dyes compared to the device using C220 as sensitizer, in agreement with the high photovoltage response of the corresponding ssDSCs. This work highlights the importance of the interaction between the HTM and the dye-sensitized TiO<SUB>2</SUB> surface for the design of ssDSCs.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jpccck/2012/jpccck.2012.116.issue-1/jp209691e/production/images/medium/jp-2011-09691e_0010.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/jp209691e'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
High open-circuit voltage solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells with organic dye.
Chen, Peter,Yum, Jun Ho,De Angelis, Filippo,Mosconi, Edoardo,Fantacci, Simona,Moon, Soo-Jin,Baker, Robin Humphry,Ko, Jaejung,Nazeeruddin, Md K,Grä,tzel, Michael American Chemical Society 2009 NANO LETTERS Vol.9 No.6
<P>Solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells were fabricated using an organic dye, 2-cyanoacrylic acid-4-(bis-dimethylfluoreneaniline)dithiophene (JK2), which exhibits more than 1 V open-circuit potential (V(oc)). To scrutinize the origin of high voltage in these cells, transient V(oc) decay measurements and density functional theroy calculations of the interacting dye/semiconductor surface were performed. A negative conduction band shift was observed due to the favorable dipolar field exerted by the JK2 sensitizer to the TiO(2) surface, at variance with heteroleptic Ru(II)-dyes for which an opposite dipole effect was found, providing an increased V(oc).</P>
Abbotto, Alessandro,Sauvage, Frederic,Barolo, Claudia,De Angelis, Filippo,Fantacci, Simona,Graetzel, Michael,Manfredi, Norberto,Marinzi, Chiara,Nazeeruddin, Mohammad K. Royal Society of Chemistry 2011 Dalton transactions Vol.40 No.1
<P>The first example of a heteroarylvinylene π-conjugated quaterpyridine Ru(<SMALL>II</SMALL>) sensitizer (N1044) was synthesized and used in dye-sensitized solar cells; the dye has an effective panchromatic absorption band, covering the entire visible spectrum up to the NIR region, and superior electrochemical characteristics (HOMO/LUMO and bandgap energies) with respect to previous representative Ru(<SMALL>II</SMALL>) bi- and quaterpyridine sensitizers. A record IPCE curve ranging from 360 to 920 nm has been measured with a maximum of 65% at 646 nm and still 33% efficiency at 800 nm; this leads to substantially increased photocurrent (19.2 mA cm<SUP>−2</SUP>) when compared to the prototype N719 Ru(<SMALL>II</SMALL>) sensitizer.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>The first heteroarylvinylene π-conjugated quaterpyridine Ru(<SMALL>II</SMALL>) sensitizer is reported; the dye has an effective panchromatic response through the visible and NIR, delivering high photocurrent when employed in dye-sensitized solar cells. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c0dt01190h'> </P>