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Population Growth and Economic Development in Southern Mediterranean Countries : A Comparative Focus
Wai Mun Hong,Alejandro Lorca,Eva Medina 부산외국어대학교 지중해지역원 2010 The Mediterranean Review Vol.3 No.2
The Southern Mediterranean(SM) countries, nine North African and Middle Eastern partners and one permanent observer which border the Mediterranean sea (MS) as defined in the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership (or Barcelona Declaration) launched in 1995, form one of the slowest growing regions in terms of economic and social development Many development economists blame the slow development of SM countries on high population growth. Others, however, defend the view that high population growth could encourage economic growth through expansion of the labour force. The myth of Asia’s miracle of the newly industrialised economies(NIEs) was unmasked by Krugman (1994), demonstrating that the impressive economic grow was in fact fuelled by high population growth. This phenomenon gives SM countries hope with regards to exploring possibilities for achieving economic development through high population growth. However, the governments of SM countries have failed to tap demographic dividends but instead turn to migrants to further economic development.
Salvador Israel Macías-Hernández,Juan Daniel Morones-Alba,Irene Tapia-Ferrusco,Oscar Benjamín Vélez-Gutiérrez,Cristina Hernández-Diaz,Tania Inés Nava-Bringas,Eva Cruz-Medina,Lya Contreras-del Toro,Ma. 대한구강악안면외과학회 2022 대한구강악안면외과학회지 Vol.48 No.1
Objectives: Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent and disabling joint disease in the world. Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) exercise is a widely used treatment and could be a beneficial and long-term tool for treating TMJ OA. The present study aims to evaluate the effects of therapeutic exercise in the conservative treatment of TMJ OA. Materials and Methods: A single-group experimental pre-post test was performed. We included patients who met the diagnostic criteria for TMJ OA. Outcome variables were pain intensity (visual analogue scale), functionality (Helkimo index), and structural changes (ultrasound). Follow-up peri-ods were at months 1, 3, and 6. The intervention included a home-based program with thermotherapy, manual therapy, and therapeutic exercise during the entire follow-up period. Results: We included 15 patients and 26 joints, all women with a median age of 57 years (range, 49-62 years). Median change in pain intensity on joint palpation, mouth opening, and at rest at the first month was 47.5 mm, 51 mm, and 60 mm, respectively, and 48 mm, 49.5 mm, and 42.5 mm, at six months (P=0.001). The Helkimo index showed significant improvement in medians from baseline severe dysfunction (17 points) to minimal dys-function at three and six months (2 points) (P=0.001). Ultrasound showed improved disc position. Conclusion: This study demonstrated significant improvements in pain, function, and joint disc position and represents a valuable tool for the long-term treatment of patients with TMJ OA.