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Reid, Gregor,Charbonneau, Duane,Erb, Julie,Poehner, Russ,Gonzalez, Silvia,Gardiner, Gillian,Bruce, Andrew W. The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition 2002 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.7 No.2
Gastrointestinal infections kill over two million people each year, and pathogen contamination of livestock causes many cases of food poisoning. Two candidate intestinal probiotic strains, L. rhamnosus GR-1 and L. fermentum RC-14 were found to inhibit the growth of Salmonella typhi, Shigella dysenteriae, E. coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, L. innocua, Enterococcus faecalis, and Bacteroides fragilis. In a series of mouse experiments, L. rhamosus GR-1 and L rhamnosus GG protected against S. typhimurium infection and translocation to the liver and spleen, reduced mortality and induced intestinal phagocytic and immunoglobulin responses. In a second series of experiments, the combination of L. rhamnosus GR-1 and L. fermentum RC-14 was superior to L. rhamnosus GG and placebo in protecting the mice from the lethal effect of salmonella. In summary, the use of combinations of probiotic lactobacilli as dietary supplements or foods could be considered for people at high risk of salmonella intestinal infection. Given the post-infection complications that can arise, such natural methods warrant further exploration especially given the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance and the lack of alternative measures available to many developing countries.
Maines, Taronna R.,Lu, Xui Hua,Erb, Steven M.,Edwards, Lindsay,Guarner, Jeannette,Greer, Patricia W.,Nguyen, Doan C.,Szretter, Kristy J.,Chen, Li-Mei,Thawatsupha, Pranee,Chittaganpitch, Malinee,Waicha American Society for Microbiology 2005 Journal of virology Vol.79 No.18
<B>ABSTRACT</B><P>The spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 viruses across Asia in 2003 and 2004 devastated domestic poultry populations and resulted in the largest and most lethal H5N1 virus outbreak in humans to date. To better understand the potential of H5N1 viruses isolated during this epizootic event to cause disease in mammals, we used the mouse and ferret models to evaluate the relative virulence of selected 2003 and 2004 H5N1 viruses representing multiple genetic and geographical groups and compared them to earlier H5N1 strains isolated from humans. Four of five human isolates tested were highly lethal for both mice and ferrets and exhibited a substantially greater level of virulence in ferrets than other H5N1 viruses isolated from humans since 1997. One human isolate and all four avian isolates tested were found to be of low virulence in either animal. The highly virulent viruses replicated to high titers in the mouse and ferret respiratory tracts and spread to multiple organs, including the brain. Rapid disease progression and high lethality rates in ferrets distinguished the highly virulent 2004 H5N1 viruses from the 1997 H5N1 viruses. A pair of viruses isolated from the same patient differed by eight amino acids, including a Lys/Glu disparity at 627 of PB2, previously identified as an H5N1 virulence factor in mice. The virus possessing Glu at 627 of PB2 exhibited only a modest decrease in virulence in mice and was highly virulent in ferrets, indicating that for this virus pair, the K627E PB2 difference did not have a prevailing effect on virulence in mice or ferrets. Our results demonstrate the general equivalence of mouse and ferret models for assessment of the virulence of 2003 and 2004 H5N1 viruses. However, the apparent enhancement of virulence of these viruses in humans in 2004 was better reflected in the ferret.</P>
Gregor Reid,Duane Charbonneau,Silvia Gonzalez,Gillian Gardiner,Julie Erb,Russ Poehner,Andrew W. Bruce 한국식품영양과학회 2002 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.7 No.2
Gastrointestinal infections kill over two million people each year, and pathogen contamination of livestock causes many cases of food poisoning. Two candidate intestinal probiotic strains, L. rhamnosus GR - 1 and L. fermentum RC - 14 were found to inhibit the growth of Salmonella typhi, Shigella dysenteriae, E. coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, L. innocua, Enterococcus faecalis, and Bacteroides fragilis. In a series of mouse experiments, L. rhamnosus GR - 1 and L. rhamnosus GG protected against S. typhimurium infection and translocation to the liver and spleen, reduced mortality and induced intestinal phagocytic and immunoglobulin responses. In a second series of experiments, the combination of L. rhamnosus GR - 1 and L. fermentum RC - 14 was superior to L. rhamnosus GG and placebo in protecting the mice from the lethal effect of salmonella. In summary, the use of combinations of probiotic lactobacilli as dietary supplements or foods could be considered for people at high risk of salmonella intestinal infection. Given the post - infection complications that can arise, such natural methods warrant further exploration especially given the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance and the lack of alternative measures available to many developing countries.
Designing organisms with new metabolic properties
Pieper, D.H.,Lehning, A.,Beil, S.,Blasco, R.,Mallavarapu, M.,Hofer, B.,Seeger, M.,Jakobs, B.,Erb, R.,Wittich, R.-M.,Happe, B.,Timmis, K.N. 숙명여자대학교 환경과학연구센터 1996 환경과학논문집 Vol.4 No.-
During the past decades enormous quantities of industrial chemicals have been released into the envionment. Although most of these compounds are readily biodegraded, some-mainly those having novel structural elements or substituents not or rarely found in natrue (xenobiotics)-are only catabolized slowly and thus tend to persist in the environment, Chloroaromatic compounds represent particularly hazardous pollutants. They are and have been used as pesticides, solvents, plasticizers and dielectric fluids, and a number of highly toxic compounds such as chlorinated dioxins have been formed as by-products of industrial processes and during incineration of organic wastes. The existence of many wate storage sites containing toxic chemicals and large scale, though now diminishing, chronic pollution from current industrial practices, necessitate both the termination of production of toxic and persistent industrial chemical, and the more efficient exploitation of remediation technologies, in order to diminish the consequences of existing and ongoing environmental pollution.