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이남형,오스코푸 ( N . H . Lee,E . R . OrsKov ) 한국축산학회 1982 한국축산학회지 Vol.24 No.3
This experiment was carried out to study on the rumen outflow rate of chromium mordant barley straw and fish meal in sheep. All the animals were fed on ammonia treated barley straw diet libitum. Chromium mordant straw or fish meal was poured into the rumen. The feces were sampled for 5 days. The results obtained are as follows; 1. Chromium treatment rendered the fish meal or straw both undigestible and undegradable in the rumen. 2. The rate of outflow of fish meal from the reticulo-rumen was found to be faster than that of barley straw by 2.3 times. The rumen retention time of fish meal was varied from 23.8 to 33.3 hours with a mean of 27.0 hours while the rumen retention time of barley straw was varied from 47.6 to 100 hours with a mean of 62.5 hours.
이남형,오스코푸 ( Nam H . Lee,E . R . OrsKov ) 한국축산학회 1982 한국축산학회지 Vol.24 No.4
This experiment was carried out to compare the effect of ammonia gas and aqueous ammonia as well as the effect of levels (2.5% or 3.5%) on the digestibility of the barley straw by sheep. The results obtained are as follows: 1) There were no significantly different among treatments in the digestibility of dry matter, organic matter and nitrogen of ammonia treated barley straw 2) The degradation of dry matter of barley straw was increased from 40.66% to 60.26% by ammonia treatment after incubation of 72 hours in the rumen. 3) The voluntary feed intake of ammoniated barley straw in the sheep was shown similar pattern among the treatments regardless of the type and the levels of ammonia application. This result of the experiment indicates that the nutritive value of barley straw could be increased by the use of 2.5% ammonia gas or aqueous ammonia
Seresinhe, Thakshala,Madushika, S.A.C.,Seresinhe, Y.,La, P.K.,Orskov, E.R. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2012 Animal Bioscience Vol.25 No.10
In vitro experiments were conducted to evaluate the suitability of several mixtures of high tanniniferous non legumes with low tanniniferous legumes on in vitro gas production (IVGP), dry matter degradation, Ammonia-N, methane production and microbial population. Eight treatments were examined in a randomized complete block design using four non-legumes and two legumes (Carallia integerrima${\times}$Leucaena leucocephala (LL) (Trt 1), C. integerrima${\times}$Gliricidia sepium (GS) (Trt 2), Aporosa lindeliyana${\times}$LL (Trt 3), A. lindeliyana${\times}$GS (Trt 4), Ceiba perntandra${\times}$LL (Trt 5), C. perntandra${\times}$GS (Trt 6), Artocarpus heterophyllus${\times}$LL (Trt 7), A. heterophyllus${\times}$GS (Trt 8). The condensed tannin (CT) content of non legumes ranged from 6.2% (Carallia integerrima) to 4.9% (Ceiba perntandra) while the CT of legumes were 1.58% (Leucaena leucocephala) and 0.78% (Gliricidia sepium). Forage mixtures contained more than 14% of crude protein (CP) while the CT content ranged from 2.8% to 4.0% respectively. Differences (p<0.05) were observed in in vitro gas production (IGVP) within treatments over a 48 h period dominated by C. perntandra${\times}$G. sepium (Trt 6). The net gas production (p<0.05) was also high with Trt6 followed by A. heterophyllus${\times}$L. leucocephala (Trt 7) and A. heterophyllus${\times}$G. sepium (Trt 8). Highest (p>0.05) NH3-N (ml/200 mg DM) production was observed with the A. heterophyllus${\times}$G. sepium (Trt 8) mixture which may be attributed with it's highest CP content. The correlation between IVGP and CT was 0.675 while IVGP and CP was 0.610. In vitro dry matter degradation (IVDMD) was highest in Trt 8 as well. Methane production ranged from 2.57 to 4.79 (ml/200 mg DM) to be synonimous with IVGP. A higher bacteria population (p<0.05) was found in C. perntandra${\times}$G. sepium (Trt 6) followed by Artocarpus heterophyllus+G. sepium (Trt 8) and the same trend was observed with the protozoa population as well. The results show that supplementing high tannin non leguminous forages by incremental substitution of legume forage increased gas production parameters, NH3-N, IVDMD and microbial population in the fermentation liquid. Methane production was not significantly affected by the presence of CT or different levels of CP in forage mixtures. Among non legumes, Ceiba perntandra and Artocarpus heterophyllus performed better in mixture with L. leucocephala and G. sepium.
이남형,오스코푸,김춘수 ( Nam H . Lee,E . R . OrsKov,Chun S . Kim ) 한국축산학회 1982 한국축산학회지 Vol.24 No.4
This experiment was carried out to estimate the rate of degradation of soyabean meal and fish meal when they were incubated in nylon bags in the rumens of dairy cows receiving roughage. The rate of disappearance of dry matter and nitrogen from the vegetable source of protein was greater than the rate of disappearance from animal source of protein. The dry matter and protein disappearance of protected soyabean meal was lower than those of non-protected soyabean meal.