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Memory Organization and Exploration for Embedded Systems-on-Silicon
Dutt,Nikil D. 대한전자공학회 1997 ICVC : International Conference on VLSI and CAD Vol.5 No.1
The growing gap between processor and memory speeds makes memory issues a major bottleneck in the design of systems-on-silicon. When the system is designed for a targeted application (as is the case with embedded systems-on-silicon), several strategies can be employed to resolve this memory bandwidth bottleneck, including reorganization of data, exploiting locality of reference to tune the memory hierarchy, and intelligent partitioning of data amongst different levels of the memory hierarchy. From a system designer's perspective, this requires an early memory exploration capability in order to evaluate its effects on system performance, cost and power, before the tasks of hardware and software co-design are performed. The research problems at this level require integration of the traditionally disjoint fields of computer architecture, compiler design, and digital CAD. This paper describes some strategies for memory organization and exploration that will aid system-level designers for future embedded systems-on-silicon.
Theoretical and Empirical Analysis of Consistency in the Exchange Rate Expectation Formation Process
Dutt, Swarna D. 세종대학교 국제경제연구소 1994 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.9 No.3
This paper undertakes a two step test of consistency in the foreign exchange rate expectation formation process. In step one the General Extrapolative Model(GEM) is used with level of exchange rate survey forecasts. In step two the changes in levels of exchange forecasts are used to test consistency applying the cointegration methodology, thus taking non-stationarity into account. The thorny issue of the risk premium is avoided by using survey data on actual experts expectations. The GEM upholds (rejects) consistency in the short (long) forecast horizon, but the cointegration results confirm consistency and hence rationality in expectation formation across all horizons.
Dutt Shivam,Tandon Rohit,Sondh Mandeep Singh,Bansal Namita,Singh Gurbhej,Mohan Bishav,Singh Bhupinder,Wander Gurpreet Singh 아시아심장혈관영상의학회 2021 Cardiovascular Imaging Asia Vol.5 No.1
Objective: Documenting adverse remodeling in absence of left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction and mitral regurgitation in a classical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCMP) phenotype is difficult. Changes in the left atrium (LA) are a consequence of progressive left ventricular (LV) fibrosis and have been shown to progress in a linear fashion. Therefore, studying LA changes for identifying adverse remodeling in HCMP patients is important. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective study which included HCMP patients and age- and gender-matched controls. Various echocardiographic parameters of adverse cardiac remodeling were investigated. Results: A total of 160 patients with HCMP and 75 age- and sex-matched controls were analyzed over a 5-year period. HCMP patients had an enlarged LA, greater segmental thickness, and mildly increased LV filling pressure. Patients with maximum LA volume >40 mL and global LA strain <21.5% showed greater maximum segmental thickness and increased ratio of pulse wave Doppler derived mitral E wave and tissue Doppler derived annular e wave with reduced LA strain and LV strain, LA emptying fraction, and strain-derived LV ejection fraction. In both groups, significant difference was not observed in age, sex, HCMP phenotype, presence or absence of LVOT obstruction, LV volume, and mitral Doppler ratio of pulse wave Doppler derived mitral E and A waves. Conclusion: Monitoring HCMP in asymptomatic patients is challenging. Assessment of adverse cardiac remodeling in classical HCMP phenotype is feasible using global LA strain and maximum LA volume. Global LA strain identifies early changes and maximum LA volume late changes of cardiac remodeling and therefore provide an early indication of disease progression in asymptomatic HCMP patients.
Dutt, Triveni,Bhushan, Bharat,Srivastava, B.B.,Bhat, P.N. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1998 Animal Bioscience Vol.11 No.5
Data on the first lactation performance traits of $F_1$, $F_2$ and $F_3$ crosses covering the period from 1972 to 1995 of a total of 803 dairy cows of three genetic grades maintained at Livestock Production Research Farm, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar were analysed. Three genetic grades were 1/2 Friesian + 1/2 Hariana (FH), 1/2 Friesian + 1/4 Brown Swiss and 1/4 Hariana (FBH) and 1/2 Friesian+ 1/4 Jersey + 1/4 Hariana (FJH). Age at first calving increased by 7% and 8% in $F_2$ and $F_3$, respectively, over the $F_1$ in FH. The reduction in age at first calving at $F_2$ and $F_3$ levels by 2-7% over the $F_1$ was observed in FBH and FJH. The lactation milk yield of $F_1$, $F_2$ and $F_3$ crosses was $1,943{\pm}100.3$, $2202{\pm}120.5$ and $1,925{\pm}123.2kg$ in FH; $2,014{\pm}76.7$, $2,264{\pm}91.5$ and $2,096{\pm}123.9kg$ in FBH and $2,005{\pm}87.0$, $2,414{\pm}94.4$ and $2,093{\pm}121.1kg$ in FJH, respectively. The lactation milk yield improved by 12-20% in $F_2$ crosses in various genetic grades. The performance of $F_1$ was, however, maintained in FH $F_3$ crosses, it improved by 4% in FBH and FJH $F_3$ crosses. The lactation lengths and calving intervals were nearly the same for $F_1$, $F_2$ and $F_3$ crosses in FH while lactation lengths and calving intervals were reduced by 3-11% in $F_2$ and $F_3$ crosses in FBH and FJH genetic grades. The milk yield/day of lactation length and milk yield/day of calving interval increased by 16-35% in $F_2$ and 2-14% in $F_3$ over the $F_1$ in various genetic grades. It is recommended that a sufficiently large effective population size of these three genetic grades be maintained by inter se matings and rigorous selection of sires so for developing a genetic base population for new breed development.
Selection of Young Dairy Bulls for Future Use in Artificial Insemination
Dutt, Triveni,Gaur, G.K. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1998 Animal Bioscience Vol.11 No.2
Relationships of breeding values of sires for first lactation milk yield with pedigree information or indices were examined to identify the optimal criteria of selecting young dairy bulls for future use in artificial insemination (AI). Records of performance data on 1087 crossbred daughters (Holstein - Friesian, Jersey and Brown Swiss with Hariana) of 147 sires, generated at Livestock Production Research (Cattle and Buffaloes) Farm, IVRI, Izatnagar, U.P., during 1972 - 1995 were used to obtain the estimates of sire's breeding values (EBV) using the Best Linear Unbiased Prediction Procedures. The correlations between young bull's EBV and the dam's first lactation milk yield was non-significantly different from zero. However, the young bull's EBV was negatively and significantly related (r = - 0.275 ; P < 0.05) to the dam's best lactation milk yield, suggesting that the selection of young dairy bulls from high yielding elite dams is not a suitable criteria for genetic improvement. The correlations of sire's and paternal grandsire's EBV's with young bull's EBV were high and positive (0.532, 0.844; P < 0.01). The maternal grandsire's EBV was positively but non-significantly related to grandson's EBV. The pedigree index incorporating dam's milk records and sire's EBV's showed a negative and non-significant correlation with young bull's EBV. However, the correlation of a pedigree index $(I_3)$ combining information on sire's and paternal grand-sire's EBV's with young bull's EBV's was considerably high and positive (0.797; P < 0.01). The regression coefficients of young bull's EBV on pedigree index $I_3$, was higher than those on other pedigree information. These results revealed that there was no advantage in basing selection on dam's performance or maternal grand-sire's EBV and that sire's and paternal grandsire's EBV's were reliable pedigree information for selection of young dairy bulls for future use in AI.
Empowerment of Women : The Case of Mahashakti Sewa Kendra
DUTT, Shushmita C. Asian Center Women's Studies Korean Women's Instit 2002 Asian Journal of Women's Studies(AJWS) Vol.8 No.1
This paper examines how a group of women from the city of Bhopal, in India, experienced the process of empowerment Two events, unconnected with each other and separated by 8 years, played a significant role in mobilizing these women. These were the gas leak disaster of 1984, when the poisonous gas fumes escaped from the Union Carbide plant in Bhopal and the communal conflict of 1992, when riots erupted in many parts of India. This study explores the methods and strategies adopted by the individual women as well as by a women's organization, Mahashakti Sewa Kendra (MSK), in forming a group for community action and helping themselves. Beginning from a position of extreme weakness, through a delicate process of awareness building and group formation, urban women in the shantytowns and slums of Bhopal realized that their deprivation was changeable and they had alternatives choose from.