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Park, Sungeun,Park, Hyomin,Kim, Dongseop,Yang, JungYup,Lee, Dongho,Kim, Young-Su,Kim, Hyun-Jong,Suh, Dongchul,Min, Byoung Koun,Kim, Kyung Nam,Park, Se Jin,Kim, Donghwan,Lee, Hae-Seok,Nam, Junggyu,Kang Springer-Verlag 2018 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.24 No.3
<P>Passivated emitter and rear contact (PERC) is a promising technology owing to high efficiency can be achieved with p-type wafer and their easily applicable to existing lines. In case of using p-type mono wafer, 0.5-1% efficiency increase is expected with PERC technologies compared to existing Al BSF solar cells, while for multi-wafer solar cells it is 0.5-0.8%. We addressed the optimization of PERC solar cells using the Al paste. The paste was prepared from the aluminum-silicon alloy with eutectic composition to avoid the formation of voids that degrade the open-circuit voltage. The glass frit of the paste was changed to improve adhesion. Scanning electron microscopy revealed voids and local back surface field between the aluminum electrode and silicon base. We confirmed the conditions on the SiNx passivation layer for achieving higher efficiency and better adhesion for long-term stability. The cell characteristics were compared across cells containing different pastes. PERC solar cells with the Al/Si eutectic paste exhibited the efficiency of 19.6%.</P>
Dongchul Kim,Yungseon Eo IEEE 2009 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ADVANCED PACKAGING Vol.32 No.1
<P>Coupled transmission lines are experimentally characterized by using 4-port <I>S</I>-parameter measurements in a broad frequency band (up to 20 GHz). Test patterns are designed and fabricated by using a ball grid array (BGA) package process. Symmetrically coupled transmission lines are decoupled into two eigen modes that can be readily determined from the measured <I>S</I>-parameters. Then transmission line parameters and signal transient waveforms are directly determined by using the measured <I>S</I>-parameters. It is shown that not only are the transmission line parameters frequency-dependent, but also the frequency-variant effects and nonideal characteristics of transmission lines have a substantial effect on signal transients and crosstalk noises.</P>
Dongchul Kim,Yongduk Choi,Dongseop Lee 한국인사조직학회 2019 한국인사ㆍ조직학회 발표논문집 Vol.2019 No.2
Does a good relationship with leaders always lead to more employee voice? Previous theory and research have suggested that good work-related relationships with leaders (i.e. Leader-member exchange, LMX) result in increased levels of voice behavior as employees often feel obligation to reciprocate by speaking up their ideas proactively. However, this paper challenges the assumption that LMX leads to more voice, and argue that the relationship between LMX and voice is more complex. Drawing on conservation of resource (COR) theory, this study suggests that those who have high-quality of LMX would avoid voice, which is risky behavior, to protect the favorable relationship with his or her leader. Specifically, it is examined that LMX can lead to decreased level of voice through creation of façades of conformity. Also, power distance orientation is considered as a boundary condition that unleashes either the effects of LMX on facades or negative indirect effects of LMX on voice through facades. Multisource data from 66 leaders and 252 of their direct members in Korean companies support the hypothesized model and indicate that LMX is negatively related to voice via facades of conformity. Moreover, as predicted, the moderation and moderated mediation effects of power distance was supported. These findings highlight the importance of considering more complicated relationship between LMX and employee voice, how and when dose it influence employee voice negatively. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Kim, Si Hyun,Bae, Il Kwon,Park, Dongchul,Lee, Kyungmin,Kim, Na Young,Song, Sae Am,Kim, Hye Ran,Jeon, Ga Won,Urm, Sang-Hwa,Shin, Jeong Hwan Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2016 BioMed research international Vol.2016 No.-
<P><I>Introduction</I>.<I> Streptococcus pneumoniae</I> is an important pathogen with high morbidity and mortality rates. The aim of this study was to evaluate the distribution of common serotypes and antimicrobial susceptibility of<I> S. pneumoniae</I> in Korea.<I> Methods</I>. A total of 378 pneumococcal isolates were collected from 2008 through 2014. We analyzed the serotype and antimicrobial susceptibility for both invasive and noninvasive isolates.<I> Results</I>. Over the 7 years, 3 (13.5%), 35 (10.8%), 19A (9.0%), 19F (6.6%), 6A (6.1%), and 34 (5.6%) were common serotypes/serogroups. The vaccine coverage rates of PCV7, PCV10, PCV13, and PPSV23 were 21.4%, 23.3%, 51.9%, and 62.4% in all periods. The proportions of serotypes 19A and 19F decreased and nonvaccine serotypes increased between 2008 and 2010 and 2011 and 2014. Of 378<I> S. pneumoniae</I> isolates, 131 (34.7%) were multidrug resistant (MDR) and serotypes 19A and 19F were predominant. The resistance rate to levofloxacin was significantly increased (7.2%).<I> Conclusion</I>. We found changes of pneumococcal serotype and antimicrobial susceptibility during the 7 years after introduction of the first pneumococcal vaccine. It is important to continuously monitor pneumococcal serotypes and their susceptibilities.</P>
Dongchul Kim,Jaehyun Han,Minchae Lee,Myoungho Sunwoo 한국자동차공학회 2009 한국자동차공학회 학술대회 및 전시회 Vol.2009 No.11
Environmental perception such as obstacle detection and tracking is an inevitable requirement for autonomous vehicles. Especially, in order to avoid collisions, autonomous vehicles require a detection and tracking of moving objects (DATMO) such as vehicles and pedestrians. The multiple hypothesis approach (MHA) is most frequently used for DATMO, whereby the MHA generates all possible hypotheses for moving objects. However, the MHA also generates hypotheses for immobile objects such as parked vehicles, bushes, and trees, among others, the result of which is a computational overhead for DATMO as a result of tracking irrelevant hypotheses. The ability to distinguish moving objects from static objects using a laser scanner with an occupancy grid map has been developed previously. In the present study, we utilized this method in order to apply MHA to only moving objects. Using this approach, moving objects were efficiently detected and tracked on a grid map. Furthermore, DATMO on the grid map was effectively implemented in real-time.
THE WAEGWAN OPEN MARKET TRADE AND TONGNAE MERCHANTS AND TONGNAE MERCHANTS IN THE LATE CHOSŎN PERIOD
KIM DONGCHUL,HAN SEOKYUNG,J. B. LEWIS 계명대학교 한국학연구원 2004 Acta Koreana Vol.7 No.1
This article examines the mechanics of the trade with Japan through Pusan and focuses on the characteristics of the Korean merchants as a way of clarifying the operation of the Pusan market. The character of the merchants was largely determined by the structure of trade. Before the mid-eighteenth century, the trade was entrepôt trade—Chinese silk and Korean ginseng for Japanese silver—but after that time, the trade structure shifted to Korean ox hides and sea slugs for Japanese copper. Hypotheses are offered to explain the change in the trade structure. Changes in trade structure produced changes in the character of the Korean merchants involved with the Japan trade. Kaesŏng merchants seem to have controlled the long-distance trade to the Chinese border and the supply of ginseng out of the interior in the north, but from the mid-1700s, they were replaced by merchants from the southern Kyŏngsang region who were part of the local networks handling marine commodities and seafood. Comparisons of Korean and Japanese archival material have enabled us to identify individuals. The author also argues that trade volumes are still difficult to determine, because of the confusion over what constituted smuggling. In addition, the author examines the effect on local society of the Japanese presence and shows how the populace living close to the Japan House in Pusan was deeply involved with trade as brokers and even as consumers of Japanese culture.
L-Shape Model Switching-Based Precise Motion Tracking of Moving Vehicles Using Laser Scanners
Kim, Dongchul,Jo, Kichun,Lee, Minchul,Sunwoo, Myoungho IEEE 2018 IEEE transactions on intelligent transportation sy Vol.19 No.2
<P>Detection and tracking of moving objects is one of the most essential functions of autonomous cars. In order to estimate the dynamic information of a moving object accurately, laser scanners are widely used for their highly accurate distance data. However, these data only represent the surface of an object facing the sensor and changes the appearance of an object over time. This change produces unexpected tracking errors of estimated dynamic states. In this paper, in order to minimize the tracking error caused by appearance changes, a tracking algorithm based on L-shaped model switching is proposed. The suggested algorithm is validated in real traffic experiments where position, velocity, and heading angle error were measured by using precise GPS. The L-shape tracking algorithm successfully mitigated the effect of appearance changes and improved estimation performance.</P>