음악작품 속에 나타난 항쟁 묘사의 표현기법 연구

김도희 ( Kim¸ Dohee ) 한국피아노교수법학회 2021 음악교수법연구 Vol.22 No.1

인간이 몸담은 사회의 여러 현상과 활동은 음악작품 속에 다양한 방법으로 묘사되어 왔다. 본 논문은 권력의 압제에 대항하는 항쟁의 모습이 서로 다른 장르의 음악작품 속에서 어떻게 표현되었는지 고찰하였다. 먼저 음악과 사회의 관계와 관련 이론을 살펴보고, 제프스키의 피아노 변주곡 <단결한 민중은 결코 패배하지 않는다!>, 로시니의 오페라 <윌리엄 텔>, 윤이상의 교향시 <광주여 영원히!>를 연구대상으로 하여 각 작품의 작곡가, 작품과 관련된 사회사, 작품 속에 묘사된 항쟁의 다양한 표현기법을 분석하였다. 분석 결과 <단결한 민중은 결코 패배하지 않는다!>는 칠레의 민주화운동과 관련된 저항가요를 주제로 작곡되었으며, 단결의 의미가 상징적으로 표현되었고, 항쟁 현장의 소리 모방과 항쟁과 관련될 수 있는 나타냄말이 쓰였으며, <윌리엄 텔>에서는 오스트리아의 압제에 전설의 명사수 텔과 스위스 민중이 함께 대항하는 내용이 등장인물들의 노래 가사로 표현되었고, <광주여 영원히!>는 한국의 5·18 민주화운동을 음악으로 형상화한 교향시로 저항, 애도, 재행진의 세 부분 구성 속에 항쟁의 여정이 묘사되었음을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구를 통해 음악과 사회의 연관성에 관한 연구가 더욱 촉발되고, 이와 관련된 작품의 이해와 해석에 대한 다각적인 분석과 연구가 더욱 확대되기를 기대한다. Various phenomena and activities in society in which humans are involved have been described in different ways in musical works. This paper examines how the appearance of the resistance against the oppression of power was expressed in musical works of different genres. First of all, the relationship between music and society and related theories are examined and Rzewski’s piano variation < The people united will never be defeated! >, Rossini’s opera < William Tell >, and Isang Yun’s symphonic poem < Exemplum in memoriam Kwangju > are selected as research subject and composer of each work, the social history related to each work, and various expression techniques on resistance described in each work are analyzed. The analysis results are as follows. < The people united will never be defeated! > is composed on the theme of resistance song related to the Chilean democratization movement, and the meaning of unity is symbolically expressed, and imitation of the sound from resistance scene and terms and words which could be related to the resistance are used in the work. In < William Tell >, the story in which the legendary archer Tell and the Swiss people resist against Austria's oppression are expressed through the lyrics sung by characters. < Exemplum in memoriam Kwangju > is a symphonic poem that embodies musically the May 18 democratization movement in Korea, and journey of resistance consisting of uprising, mourning and a re-marching is described in the work. It is hoped that research on the relationship between music and society will be more stimulated and multilateral analysis and research on the understanding and interpretation of works related to this matter will be further expanded through this study.

베베른의 ‘피아노 변주곡 Op. 27’과 메시앙의 ‘음가와 강세의 모드’에 나타난 음렬기법과 총렬기법 연구 및 연주를 위한 제안

김도희 ( Kim¸ Dohee ) 한국피아노교수법학회 2015 음악교수법연구 Vol.15 No.-

본 논문은 베베른의 < 피아노 변주곡 Op. 27 >과 메시앙의 <음가와 강세의 모드> 연구를 통하여 음렬주의와 총렬주의 이론을 이해하고 효과적으로 연주에 나타나도록 고찰하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 음렬주의와 총렬주의에 의한 피아노 곡들은 음렬이론에 대한 이해가 어렵고 강약, 주법, 리듬 등 음렬화 된 여러 음악요소의 미세한 차이를 연주에 반영하기 까다로워 실제 연주가 회피되는 경향이 있다. 음렬 및 총렬기법을 연주에 잘 반영하기 위해서는 음렬화 된 음고, 음가, 리듬, 강약에 대한 이론을 먼저 이해하는 것이 필수적이다. 이를 위하여 베베른의 < 피아노 변주곡 Op. 27 >과 메시앙의 <음가와 강세의 모드>에 나타난 음렬과 총렬기법을 분석하였고 이러한 기법들이 연주에 잘 반영되기 위한 방법들을 다각적으로 모색하였다. 본 연구를 통해 피아니스트들이 음렬기법과 총렬기법을 보다 폭넓게 이해해서 이러한 기법이 사용된 피아노 작품들을 연주무대에 보다 자주 올려 다양한 연주 레파토리 구축에 기여할 것으로 생각된다. The purpose of this study is to understand the theory of Serialism and Total Serialism through researching Webern's Piano Variation Op. 27 and Messiaen's Mode de valeurs et d'intensités and to examine how the theory can be effectively appeared in performance. Performance of piano pieces based on Serialism and Total Serialism is tend to be avoided because understanding serial technique theory is difficult and hard to reflect subtle differences of various music elements such as dynamics, attack and rhythm in series in actual performance. For Serial and Total serial techniques to be brought out well in performance, it is necessary to understand theory of pitch, value of note, rhythm and dynamic in series in advance. To achieve this purpose, Serial and Total serial techniques in Webern's Piano Variation Op. 27 and Messiaen's Mode de valeurs et d'intensités are studied and methods to reflect these techniques well in performance are searched in various ways. It is expected that though this research, pianists would understand widely Serial and Total serial techniques and perform more often piano pieces based on these techniques at a stage building diverse performance repertoire.

Programmed death ligand-1 expression and its prognostic role in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Kim, Ryul,Keam, Bhumsuk,Kwon, Dohee,Ock, Chan-Young,Kim, Miso,Kim, Tae Min,Kim, Hak Jae,Jeon, Yoon Kyung,Park, In Kyu,Kang, Chang Hyun,Kim, Dong-Wan,Kim, Young Tae,Heo, Dae Seog Baishideng Publishing Group Inc 2016 WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY Vol.22 No.37

<P><B>AIM</B></P><P>To investigate the expression and prognostic role of programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) in locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).</P><P><B>METHODS</B></P><P>A total of 200 patients with ESCC who underwent radical esophagectomy with standard lymphadenectomy as the initial definitive treatment in Seoul National University Hospital from December 2000 to April 2013 were eligible for this analysis. Tissue microarrays were constructed by collecting tissue cores from surgical specimens, and immunostained with antibodies directed against PD-L1, p16, and c-Met. Medical records were reviewed retrospectively to assess clinical outcomes. Patients were divided into two groups by PD-L1 status, and significant differences in clinicopathologic characteristics between the two groups were assessed.</P><P><B>RESULTS</B></P><P>Tumor tissues from 67 ESCC patients (33.5%) were PD-L1-positive. Positive p16 expression was observed in 21 specimens (10.5%). The H-score for c-Met expression was ≥ 50 in 42 specimens (21.0%). Although PD-L1-positivity was not significantly correlated with any clinical characteristics including age, sex, smoking/alcoholic history, stage, or differentiation, H-scores for c-Met expression were significantly associated with PD-L1-positivity (OR = 2.34, 95%CI: 1.16-4.72, <I>P</I> = 0.017). PD-L1 expression was not significantly associated with a change in overall survival (<I>P</I> = 0.656). In contrast, the locoregional relapse rate tended to increase (<I>P</I> = 0.134), and the distant metastasis rate was significantly increased (HR = 1.72, 95%CI: 1.01-2.79, <I>P</I> = 0.028) in patients with PD-L1-positive ESCC compared to those with PD-L1-negative ESCC.</P><P><B>CONCLUSION</B></P><P>PD-L1 expression is positively correlated with c-Met expression in ESCC. PD-L1 may play a critical role in distant failure and progression of ESCC.</P>

A Most Enterprising Country : North Korea in the Global Economy (2016, Cornell University Press) By Justin Hastings

Dohee Kim 한국학술연구원 2018 Korea Observer Vol.49 No.3

Serviceable Energy-Optimal Regenerative Braking Control for Age of M.E.C.A.: A Practical Design and Implementation

Dohee Kim(김도희),Kwang-Ki Kim(김광기),Jeong Soo Eo(어정수) 한국자동차공학회 2021 한국자동차공학회 학술대회 및 전시회 Vol.2021 No.11

Case Analysis of the R.O.K.-U.S. Alliance Burden-Sharing through Theoretical Approaches to the Evolution of an Asymmetric Alliance

Dohee Kim 한국학술연구원 2020 Korea Observer Vol.51 No.1

In the early stages of the R.O.K.-U.S. alliance, the U.S. took full responsibility for providing security in the alliance. However, as Korea progressed through economic growth and democratization, asymmetry lessened within the alliance and consequently defense cost-sharing issues emerged. In fact, while South Korea has relatively little inducement for free-riding due to relying heavily on the alliance to counter the threat from North Korea, the easing of asymmetry has complicated the cost-benefit calculation for the alliance and has replaced the traditional security-autonomy tradeoff. In particular, problems may arise due to an increased risk of entrapment due to differences in threat perception between the two countries. In this regard, defense cost-sharing is a critical issue in maintaining the alliance, not just in terms of sharing the cost of stationing U.S. forces in South Korea, but in the process of realigning and renewing the effectiveness of the alliance.

Improving the storage performance of smartphones through journaling in non-volatile memory

Dohee Kim,Eunji Lee,Sungyong Ahn,Hyokyung Bahn IEEE 2013 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CONSUMER ELECTRONICS - Vol.59 No.3

<P>According to the recent studies on the smartphone performance analysis, the primary performance bottleneck of smartphones is storage systems rather than wireless networks or processors. The key reason behind this undesirable result is the journaling function of a lightweight database library used by various smartphone applications. This paper quantifies the overhead of journaling on the performance of smartphones and presents a novel storage architecture that eliminates this overhead by using nonvolatile memory technologies. Specifically, the proposed architecture adopts a new journaling scheme that provides high storage performance of smartphones without any loss of reliability. The prototype of the proposed architecture has been implemented on the mobile platform based on Linux. Measurement studies with smartphone benchmarks show that the proposed journaling architecture improves the storage performance by 20-278% compared to original journaling. Performance studies with real applications such as internet games, video players, and web browsers also show that the performance improvement is in the range of 23-69%.</P>

The 2017 Korean National Growth Charts for children and adolescents: development, improvement, and prospects

Kim, Jae Hyun,Yun, Sungha,Hwang, Seung-sik,Shim, Jung Ok,Chae, Hyun Wook,Lee, Yeoun Joo,Lee, Ji Hyuk,Kim, Soon Chul,Lim, Dohee,Yang, Sei Won,Oh, Kyungwon,Moon, Jin Soo The Korean Pediatric Society 2018 Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics (CEP) Vol.61 No.5

Growth charts are curves or tables that facilitate the visualization of anthropometric parameters, and are widely used as an important indicator when evaluating the growth status of children and adolescents. The latest version of the Korean National Growth Charts released in 2007 has raised concerns regarding the inclusion of data from both breastfed and formula-fed infants, higher body mass index (BMI) values in boys, and smaller 3rd percentile values in height-for-age charts. Thus, new growth charts have been developed to improve the previous version. The 2006 World Health Organization Child Growth Standards, regarded as the standard for breastfed infants and children, were introduced for children aged 0-35 months. For children and adolescents aged 3-18 years, these new growth charts include height-for-age, weight-for-age, BMI-for-age, weight-for-height, and head circumference-for-age charts, and were developed using data obtained in 1997 and 2005. Data sets and exclusion criteria were applied differently for the development of the different growth charts. BMI-for-age charts were adjusted to decrease the 95th percentile values of BMI. Criteria for obesity were simplified and defined as a BMI of ${\geq}95th$ percentile for age and sex. The 3rd percentile values for height-for-age charts were also increased. Additional percentile lines (1st and 99th) and growth charts with standard deviation lines were introduced. 2017 Korean National Growth Charts are recommended for the evaluation of body size and growth of Korean children and adolescents for use in clinics and the public health sector in Korea.

Mutants defective in the production of encapsulin show a tan-phaselocked phenotype in Myxococcus xanthus

Dohee Kim,Juo Choi,Sunjin Lee,현혜숙,Kyoung Lee,Kyungyun Cho 한국미생물학회 2019 The journal of microbiology Vol.57 No.9

Myxococcus xanthus, a myxobacterium, displays phase variation between yellow phase and tan phase. We found that deletion of the encA gene encoding encapsulin and the encF gene encoding a metalloprotease causes formation of tan colonies that never transform into yellow colonies. The encA and encF mutants were defective in the production of DKxanthene and myxovirescin. They did not produce extracellular polysaccharides; hence, the cells did not aggregate in liquid and showed reduced swarming on agar plates. The mutants had defective sporulation, but were rescued extracellularly by wild type cells. All these traits indicate that the encA and encF mutants are likely to be tan-phase-locked, and encapsulin has a close relationship with phase variation in M. xanthus. The encA and encF genes are localized in the same gene cluster, encBAEFG (MXAN_3557~MXAN_3553). Unlike the encA and encF genes, deletion of other genes in the cluster did not show tan-phase-locked phenotype.

Comparative analysis of PD-L1 expression between primary and metastatic pulmonary adenocarcinomas

Kim, Sehui,Koh, Jaemoon,Kwon, Dohee,Keam, Bhumsuk,Go, Heounjeong,Kim, Young A,Jeon, Yoon Kyung,Chung, Doo Hyun Elsevier 2017 European journal of cancer Vol.75 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in pulmonary adenocarcinomas (pADCs) was implicated in predicting anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy efficacy. However, the differential expression of PD-L1 between primary and metastatic pADC remains unclear. Thus, we addressed this issue. In total, 161 paired primary and metastatic tumour tissues from 146 patients with pADC were collected. Most of the cases had regional nodal metastasis (134/161, 83.2%). PD-L1 expression was categorised based on the proportion of immunostained tumour cells using cutoff values of 1%, 5%, 10% and 50%. In primary tumours, PD-L1 positivity was observed in 28.1% (41/146), 27.4% (40/146), 22.6% (33/146) and 13.0% (19/146) of cases using cutoff values of 1%, 5%, 10% and 50%, respectively. The overall concordance rate for PD-L1 expression between primary and metastatic tumours was 75.2% (121/161). The concordance rate in primary tumours expressing PD-L1 in <1% or ≥50% of tumour cells was 87.2% (102/117) or 70% (14/20), respectively. In contrast, the concordance rate in tumours expressing PD-L1 in ≥1% to <50% of cells was only 20.8% (5/24). After dichotomising the cases using cutoff values of 1% and 50%, the concordance rate increased to 80.1% (129/161) and 90.7% (146/161) in all paired cases and to 70.4% (19/27) and 85.2% (23/27) in cases with distant metastases, respectively. This study demonstrates that the concordance of PD-L1 expression between primary and metastatic pADC is high when using cutoff values of 1% and 50%. Thus, evaluation of PD-L1 in either primary or metastatic tumours would be helpful for guiding anti–PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy in patients with advanced pADC.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The concordance of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression between primary and metastatic pulmonary adenocarcinoma (pADC) was high when using cutoff values of 1% and 50%. </LI> <LI> PD-L1 expression of primary and corresponding metastatic pADCs was similar, irrespective of the EGFR mutation status. </LI> <LI> The concordance of PD-L1 expression was relatively preserved in metachronously or distantly metastatic tumours. </LI> <LI> PD-L1 expression in primary pADC can be a surrogate for the PD-L1 status in metastatic tumours, and vice versa. </LI> </UL> </P>