HBV : Seroprevalence of HBV, HCV and HIV Infections among Blood Donors in Nepalese Population

( Dipendra Raj Pandeya ) 대한간학회 2013 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2013 No.1

Background: Mandatory screening tests are performed for human HIV1/2 and Hepatitis B and C by blood transfusion centers in Nepal because blood transfusion is the most efficient mode of transmission of these diseases. The study is aimed to determine determine the sero-prevalence of these four Transfusion transmissible infections (TTIs). Methodology: A cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted at Tribhuvan University teaching Hospital, Maharajgunj during the period from July 1st 2007 to June 30th 2011. Total of 11160 samples from Volunteer and replacement donors were screened for Anti-HIV, Anti-HCV and HBsAg by ELISA methods. The Reactive cases were confirmed by confirmatory method as per the national algorithm. Results: The prevalence of HIV, HBV and HCV were determined to be 0.17%, 0.44% and 0.71% respectively. HBV and HCV sero-prevalence was found to be higher among male blood donors but, HIV prevalence was higher in female donors in comparison to male donors. TTIs prevalence was highest among blood donors in the age group 21 to 30 years (P=<0.05). HIV was reported to be to more prevalent among replacement donors (0.33%) than volunteer donors (0.12%). Other TTIs were insignificantly more prevalent among volunteer donor than replacement donors. Conclusion: Screening of donated blood should be done with highly sensitive and specific tests so as not to transfuse infected blood. It is also important to strengthen donor counseling before donation.

Role of Hyperinsulinemia in Increased Risk of Prostate Cancer: A Case Control Study from Kathmandu Valley

Pandeya, Dipendra Raj,Mittal, Ankush,Sathian, Brijesh,Bhatta, Bibek Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.2

Aim: To investigate the effect of hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia on prostate cancer risk. Materials and Methods: This hospital based study was carried out using data retrieved from the register maintained in the Department of Biochemistry of a tertiary care hospital of Kathmandu, Nepal between $31^{st}$ December, 2011 and $31^{st}$ October, 2013. The variables collected were age, serum cholesterol, serum calcium, PSA, fasting blood glucose, serum insulin. Analysis was performed by descriptive statistics and testing of hypothesis using Excel 2003, R 2.8.0, Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) for Windows Version 16.0 (SPSS Inc; Chicago, IL, USA) and the EPI Info 3.5.1 Windows Version. Results: Of the total 125 subjects enrolled in our present study, 25 cases were of PCa and 100 were healthy controls. The mean value of fasting plasma glucose was 95.5 mg/dl in cases of prostatic carcinoma and the mean value of fasting plasma insulin was $5.78{\mu}U/ml$ (p value: 0.0001*). The fasting insulin levels ${\mu}U/ml$ were categorized into the different ranges starting from ${\leq}2.75$, >2.75 to ${\leq}4.10$, >4.10 to ${\leq}6.10$, > $6.10{\mu}U/ml$. The maximum number of cases of prostatic carcinoma of fasting insulin levels falls in range of > $6.10{\mu}U/ml$. The highest insulin levels (> $6.10{\mu}U/ml$) were seen to be associated with an 2.55 fold risk of prostatic carcinoma when compared with fasting insulin levels of (< $2.75{\mu}U/ml$). Conclusions: Elevated fasting levels of serum insulin appear to be associated with a higher risk of prostate cancer.

HCV, Alcoholic : PE-089 ; Prevalence of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus, in patients admitted to tertiary care hospital in Ahmendnagar

( Dipendra Raj Pandeya ),( Bagalkot T ),( Jay Kumar Das ),( Roshan D`souza ) 대한간학회 2012 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2012 No.-

Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis (HCV) C virus are endemic in India and have an aetiological role in acute hepatitis, 50 - 70%, of which end up with chronic liver disease. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C virus (HCV)and their dual infection among patients admitted in Tertiary care Hospital in Ahmednagar, Maharashtra Methods: This descriptive hospital based study was conducted between August 2010 to July 2011 at Tertiary care Hospital Ahmednagar, Maharashtra. The pathological research laboratory is situated in the hospital premises. All the patients who were admitted in the hospital were included in the study after taking informed consent. Three (3) ml of blood was collected in a syringe without anticoagulant from anticubital vein with all aseptic precaution. Serum was separated and screened for the presence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and Antibodies against Hepatitis C. The tests were performed according to the manufacturer`s instructions provided in the kit. A questionnaire was completed from all positive patients. All the information was entered in a standard form. Results: A total of 2230 patients were enrolled in the study. Out of 2230 patients 1562(70.04%) were male and 668 (29.95%) were female. All patients under went screening for HBV and HCV. Age wise distribution and seropositivity of HBV & HCV infection by age is given in table 2. Hepatitis b and Hepatitis c was present in 61 (02.37%) patients, out of these 61 patients 44 (72.13%) were male and 17 (27.86%) were female. Hepatitis B was present in 46 (02.06%) patients, Hepatitis c was present in 13(0.58%) patients and 02 (0.0089%) patients were positive for both Hepatitis B and Hepatits C. Sex wise seropositivity is given in table no. 1. The overall prevalence of HBV infection within the study period was 2.06%, HCV 0.58% and for HBV & HCV both was 0.089%. Regarding the prediposing factors, past history of surgery 17 (27.86%), Blood transfusion 22 (36.06%), Dental procedure 07 (11.47%), Injection & drug abuse 04 (06.55%), Barbar shaving 02 (03.27%), and No known risk factor 09(14.75%) were found. Conclusions: For the prevention of transmission of HBV and HCV infection, the community awareness regarding vaccination against Hepatitis B and risk factors for spread of HBV & HCV, implementation of population based screening and vaccination for HBV on large scale should be ensured.

HCVPE-089 ; Prevalence of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus, in patients admitted to tertiary care hospital in Ahmendnagar

( Dipendra Raj Pandeya ),( Bagalkot T ),( Jay Kumar Das ),( Roshan D’souza ) 대한간학회 2012 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2012 No.1

Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis (HCV) C virus are endemic in India and have an aetiological role in acute hepatitis, 50 - 70%, of which end up with chronic liver disease. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C virus (HCV)and their dual infection among patients admitted in Tertiary care Hospital in Ahmednagar, Maharashtra Methods: This descriptive hospital based study was conducted between August 2010 to July 2011 at Tertiary care Hospital Ahmednagar, Maharashtra. The pathological research laboratory is situated in the hospital premises. All the patients who were admitted in the hospital were included in the study after taking informed consent. Three (3) ml of blood was collected in a syringe without anticoagulant from anticubital vein with all aseptic precaution. Serum was separated and screened for the presence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and Antibodies against Hepatitis C. The tests were performed according to the manufacturer’s instructions provided in the kit. A questionnaire was completed from all positive patients. All the information was entered in a standard form. Results: A total of 2230 patients were enrolled in the study. Out of 2230 patients 1562(70.04%) were male and 668 (29.95%) were female. All patients under went screening for HBV and HCV. Age wise distribution and seropositivity of HBV & HCV infection by age is given in table 2. Hepatitis b and Hepatitis c was present in 61 (02.37%) patients, out of these 61 patients 44 (72.13%) were male and 17 (27.86%) were female. Hepatitis B was present in 46 (02.06%) patients, Hepatitis c was present in 13(0.58%) patients and 02 (0.0089%) patients were positive for both Hepatitis B and Hepatits C. Sex wise seropositivity is given in table no. 1. The overall prevalence of HBV infection within the study period was 2.06%, HCV 0.58% and for HBV & HCV both was 0.089%. Regarding the prediposing factors, past history of surgery 17 (27.86%), Blood transfusion 22 (36.06%), Dental procedure 07 (11.47%), Injection & drug abuse 04 (06.55%), Barbar shaving 02 (03.27%), and No known risk factor 09(14.75%) were found. Conclusions: For the prevention of transmission of HBV and HCV infection, the community awareness regarding vaccination against Hepatitis B and risk factors for spread of HBV & HCV, implementation of population based screening and vaccination for HBV on large scale should be ensured.

Association of Type II Diabetes Mellitus with Hepatocellular Carcinoma Occurrence - a Case Control Study from Kathmandu Valley

Jha, Dipendra Kumar,Mittal, Ankush,Gupta, Satrudhan Pd.,Pandeya, Dipendra Raj,Sathian, Brijesh Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.10

Objective: To assess associations of Type II DM with hepatocellular carcinoma occurrence in Nepal. Materials and Methods: This case control study was carried out using data retrieved from the register maintained in the Department of Biochemistry of Nepalese Army Institute of Health Sciences between 1st January, 2012, and 31st August, 2012. The variables collected were age, gender, HbA1c. All biochemical parameters were analyzed in the Central Laboratory of our hospital by standard validated methods. One way ANOVA was used to examine the statistical significant difference between groups with the LSD post-hoc test for comparison of means of case groups. Odds ratios (OR) were calculated using simple logistic-regression analysis. Results: Etiological factors for HCC were HBV, HCV, alcohol and cryptogenic cirrhosis. The highest age group belonged to the etiological category of HCV with a mean of $71.9{\pm}3.6$ (CI 69.3, 74.5) years and the lowest age group to the etiological category of HBV with $61.7{\pm}5.3$(CI 57.9, 65.5) years. The main imperative basis of HCC in present study was HCV (39.5%) and second most significant cause of HCC was alcohol (26%). Glycated hemoglobin was found to be more in males with HCC (7.9%) as compared to females (7.3%). The percentage of Type II diabetes mellitus was greater in HCC patients when compared to controls. This difference was statistically significant with an odd ratio of 4.63 (p<0.001). Conclusion: Type II DM influences incidence, risk of recurrence, overall survival, and treatment-related complications in HCC patients.

Photocatalytic and antibacterial properties of a TiO₂/nylon-6 electrospun nanocomposite mat containing silver nanoparticles

Pant, Hem Raj,Pandeya, Dipendra Raj,Nam, Ki Taek,Baek, Woo-il,Hong, Seong Tshool,Kim, Hak Yong Elsevier 2011 Journal of hazardous materials Vol.189 No.1

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Silver-impregnated TiO<SUB>2</SUB>/nylon-6 nanocomposite mats exhibit excellent characteristics as a filter media with good photocatalytic and antibacterial properties and durability for repeated use. Silver nanoparticles (NPs) were successfully embedded in electrospun TiO<SUB>2</SUB>/nylon-6 composite nanofibers through the photocatalytic reduction of silver nitrate solution under UV-light irradiation. TiO<SUB>2</SUB> NPs present in nylon-6 solution were able to cause the formation of a high aspect ratio spider-wave-like structure during electrospinning and facilitated the UV photoreduction of AgNO<SUB>3</SUB> to Ag. TEM images, UV–visible and XRD spectra confirmed that monodisperse Ag NPs (approximately 4nm in size) were deposited selectively upon the TiO<SUB>2</SUB> NPs of the prepared nanocomposite mat. The antibacterial property of a TiO<SUB>2</SUB>/nylon-6 composite mat loaded with Ag NPs was tested against <I>Escherichia coli</I>, and the photoactive property was tested against methylene blue. All of the results showed that TiO<SUB>2</SUB>/nylon-6 nanocomposite mats loaded with Ag NPs are more effective than composite mats without Ag NPs. The prepared material has potential as an economically friendly photocatalyst and water filter media because it allows the NPs to be reused.</P>

Electrospun nylon-6 spider-net like nanofiber mat containing TiO₂ nanoparticles: A multifunctional nanocomposite textile material

Pant, Hem Raj,Bajgai, Madhab Prasad,Nam, Ki Taek,Seo, Yun A.,Pandeya, Dipendra Raj,Hong, Seong Tshool,Kim, Hak Yong Elsevier 2011 Journal of hazardous materials Vol.185 No.1

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>In this study, electrospun nylon-6 spider-net like nanofiber mats containing TiO<SUB>2</SUB> nanoparticles (TiO<SUB>2</SUB> NPs) were successfully prepared. The nanofiber mats containing TiO<SUB>2</SUB> NPs were characterized by SEM, FE-SEM, TEM, XRD, TGA and EDX analyses. The results revealed that fibers in two distinct sizes (nano and subnano scale) were obtained with the addition of a small amount of TiO<SUB>2</SUB> NPs. In low TiO<SUB>2</SUB> content nanocomposite mats, these nanofiber weaves were found uniformly loaded with TiO<SUB>2</SUB> NPs on their wall. The presence of a small amount of TiO<SUB>2</SUB> NPs in nylon-6 solution was found to improve the hydrophilicity (antifouling effect), mechanical strength, antimicrobial and UV protecting ability of electrospun mats. The resultant nylon-6/TiO<SUB>2</SUB> antimicrobial spider-net like composite mat with antifouling effect may be a potential candidate for future water filter applications, and its improved mechanical strength and UV blocking ability will also make it a potential candidate for protective clothing.</P>

TiO₂/nylon-6 spider-net like nanofibers mat for water filtration

햄,백우일,남기택,Dipendra Raj Pandeya,홍성출,김학용 한국고분자학회 2011 한국고분자학회 학술대회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2011 No.1

Biochemical Changes in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD): A Study in Nepalese Population

( Puspa Khanal ),( Pooja Maharjan ),( Dipendra Raj Pandeya ) 대한간학회 2016 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2016 No.1

Aims: The present study was conducted with the aim to assess the biochemical markers in Non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients in Nepalese population. Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has emerged as the most common liver problem in the western world and is a clinicopathologic entity increasingly recognized as a major health burden in developed countries. Different laboratory tests are extremely useful in achieving a better understanding of diseases, and thereby, allow making decision for better management. The examination of different biochemical parameters usually provides excellent clues to the cause of the disease. Methods: The biochemical parameters were investigated in 75 NAFLD patients, and 70 normal participants. The diagnosis of hepatic steatosis was established by abdominal ultrasound examination. All patients diagnosed as NAFLD were investigated for biochemical parameters and see the relationship between NAFLD and control was studied. Results: The findings of all biochemical parameters were raised in NAFLD patients in comparison with non-fatty liver control group and the differences were found to be statistically (P value less than 0.005) significant. Conclusions: NAFLD is associated with changes in biochemical parameters in cases of NAFLD. Its early detection will help in modifying the disease course, delaying complications and will also play a major role in preventive cardiology.

Serum Amyloid A as an Independent Prognostic Factor for Renal Cell Carcinoma - A Hospital Based Study from the Western Region of Nepal

Mittal, Ankush,Poudel, Bibek,Pandeya, Dipendra Raj,Gupta, Satrudhan Pd,Sathian, Brijesh,Yadav, Shambhu Kumar Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.5

Objective: The objective of our present study was to assess the role of serum amyloid A (SAA) in stages and prognosis of renal cell carcinoma. Material and Methods: It was a hospital based retrospective study carried out in the Department of Medicine and Biochemistry of Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal between $1^{st}$ January 2008 and $31^{st}$ December 2011. The variables collected were SAA, CRP. Approval for the study was obtained from the institutional research ethical committee. Quantitative analysis of human SAA and C-reactive protein (CRP) was performed by radial immune diffusion (RID) assay for all cases. Results: Of the 422 total cases of renal cell carcinoma, 218 patients had normal and 204 abnormal SAA. SAA levels were grossly elevated in T3 stage ($122.3{\pm}SD35.7$) when compared to the mean for the T2 stage ($84.2{\pm}SD24.4$) (p value: 0.0001). Similarly, SAA levels were grossly elevated in M1 stage ($190.0{\pm}SD12.7$) when compared to the M0 stage ($160.9{\pm}SD24.8$) (p: 0.0001). There was no significant association with elevated CRP levels ($209.1{\pm}SD22.7$, normal $199.0{\pm}SD19.5$). Conclusion: The validity of SAA in serum as being of independent prognostic significance in RCC was demonstrated with higher levels in advanced stage disease.