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Jagtap, S.S.,Dhiman, S.S.,Kim, T.S.,Li, J.,Lee, J.K.,Kang, Y.C. Elsevier Applied Science 2013 Bioresource technology Vol.133 No.-
A white rot fungus, identified as Armillaria gemina SKU2114 on the basis of morphological and phylogenetic analyses, was found to secrete efficient lignocellulose-degrading enzymes. The strain showed maximum endoglucanase, cellobiohydrolase, and β-glucosidase activities of 146, 34, and 15U/mL, respectively, and also secreted xylanase, laccase, mannanase, and lignin peroxidase with activities of 1270, 0.16, 57, and 0.31U/mL, respectively, when grown with rice straw as a carbon source. Among various plant biomasses tested for saccharification, aspen biomass produced the maximum amount of reducing sugar. Response surface methodology was used to optimize the hydrolysis of aspen biomass to achieve the highest level of sugar production. A maximum saccharification yield of 62% (429mg/g-substrate) was obtained using Populus tomentiglandulosa biomass after 48h of hydrolysis. A. gemina was shown to be a good option for use in the production of reducing sugars from lignocellulosic biomass.
Jagtap, S.S.,Dhiman, S.S.,Kim, T.S.,Li, J.,Chan Kang, Y.,Lee, J.K. Pergamon ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2013 Biomass & bioenergy Vol.54 No.-
The highly efficient β-1,4-glucosidase (BGL)-secreting strain, Pholiota adiposa SKU0714, was isolated and identified based on its morphological features and sequence analysis of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA. P. adiposa BGL (PaBGL), which contained a carbohydrate moiety, was purified to homogeneity from P. adiposa culture supernatants by 2-step chromatography on DEAE and Sephacryl gel filtration columns. The relative molecular weight of PaBGL was 60 kDa by SDS-PAGE or 59 kDa by size exclusion chromatography, indicating that the enzyme is a monomer. The pH and temperature optima for hydrolysis were 5.0 and 65 <SUP>o</SUP>C, respectively. PaBGL showed the highest activity towards p-nitrophenyl-β-d-glucopyranoside (V<SUB>max</SUB> = 4390 U mg protein<SUP>-1</SUP>, K<SUB>m</SUB> = 2.23 mol m<SUP>-3</SUP>) and cellobiose (V<SUB>max</SUB> = 3460 U mg protein<SUP>-1</SUP>, K<SUB>m</SUB> = 5.60 mol m<SUP>-3</SUP>) ever reported. Its internal amino acid sequences showed homology with hydrolases from the glycoside hydrolase family 3 (GH3), indicating that PaBGL is a member of the GH3 family. The hydrolysis of rice straw using a commercial cellulase, Celluclast<SUP>®</SUP> 1.5L, resulted in a higher saccharification yield with the addition of PaBGL than with Novozyme 188. PaBGL may be a good candidate for applications that convert biomasses to biofuels and chemicals.
S. K. Dhiman,Arbind Kumar,J. K. Prasad 대한기계학회 2017 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.31 No.3
Unsteady flow and convective heat transfer over single and two tandem cylinders at constant-heat-flux condition in subcritical range of Reynolds number was numerically investigated. Two-dimensional computations were performed by adopting 3-equation k-kl-ω turbulence model using a commercial software FLUENT ® .The aim was to investigate the capabilities of k-kl-ω turbulence model for collective flow and heat transport conditions past cylindrical bodies and then to identify a critical spacing ratio for the maximum heat transport. The center-to-center spacing ratio (L/D) was varied in the range from 1.2 to 4.0. Instantaneous path lines and vorticity contours were generated to interpret the interaction of shear layer and vortices from upstream cylinder with the downstream cylinder. Comparison of pressure coefficients, fluctuating and average lift as well as drag coefficients, Strouhal number and the local and average Nusselt numbers with the available literatures indicated a reasonably good agreement. The combined outcome of flow field and heat transfer study revealed a critical spacing ratio of L/D = 2.2. Based on the present investigation, a correlation has been suggested to calculate overall average Nusselt number of the two cylinders placed in tandem.
Dhiman, S.S.,Selvaraj, C.,Li, J.,Singh, R.,Zhao, X.,Kim, D.,Kim, J.Y.,Kang, Y.C.,Lee, J.K. Butterworths [etc.] ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2016 Fuel Vol.183 No.-
This study evaluates the phytoremediation potential of canola biomass, which was grown on soils contaminated by several metals. The increase in metal concentration was measured in different parts of the growing biomass. Nearly 95mg zinc/kg soil of the zinc supplied to the soil accumulated within the roots of canola. To test the suitability of the canola biomass for bioethanol production, a saccharification was performed after phytoextraction of metals. Armillaria gemina and Pholiota adiposa were co-cultured to obtain a highly active lignocellulase cocktail. Saccharification yields (SY) of 71.8% and 74.4% were obtained with biomass contaminated with nickel and copper, respectively. Under similar conditions, Celluclast® 1.5L in combination with commercial β-glucosidase resulted in a SY of 73.4%. Fermentation using the hydrolysate of canola biomass used in the phytoremediation yielded 68.9% of bioethanol. To our knowledge, this is the first study where canola biomass used for phytoremediation was tested for bioethanol production through saccharification.
Zhang, Y.W.,Tiwari, M.K.,Gao, H.,Dhiman, S.S.,Jeya, M.,Lee, J.K. IPC Science and Technology Press ; Elsevier Scienc 2012 Enzyme and microbial technology Vol.50 No.4
NADH oxidase (Nox) catalyzes the conversion of NADH to NAD<SUP>+</SUP>. A previously uncharacterized Nox gene (LrNox) was cloned from Lactobacillus rhamnosus and overexpressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). Sequence analysis revealed an open reading frame of 1359bp, capable of encoding a polypeptide of 453 amino acid residues. The molecular mass of the purified LrNox enzyme was estimated to be ∼50kDa by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and 100kDa by gel filtration chromatography, suggesting that the enzyme is a homodimer. The enzyme had optimal activity at pH 5.6 and temperature 65<SUP>o</SUP>C, and k<SUB>cat</SUB>/K<SUB>m</SUB> of 3.77x10<SUP>7</SUP>s<SUP>-1</SUP>M<SUP>-1</SUP>, the highest ever reported. Heat inactivation studies revealed that LrNox had high thermostability, with a half-life of 120min at 80<SUP>o</SUP>C. Molecular dynamics simulation studies shed light on the factors contributing to the high activity of LrNox. Although the properties of Nox from several microorganisms have been reported, this is the first report on the characterization of a recombinant H<SUB>2</SUB>O-forming Nox with high activity and thermostability. The characteristics of the LrNox enzyme could prove to be of interest in industrial applications such as NAD<SUP>+</SUP> regeneration.
S. R. Balasubramanian,K. Balaji Rao,Dhiman Basu,M. B. Anoop,C. V. Vaidyanathan 대한토목학회 2011 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.15 No.2
From a review of literature, it is found that while few methods are proposed by various researchers for estimation of lateral stiffness of brick masonry walls with openings, these methods are suitable for strong spandrel-weak pier condition. For weak spandrel-strong pier condition, these methods over estimate the stiffness. An improved method for estimation of stiffness of brick masonry shear walls with opening is presented in this paper. For the weak spandrel-strong pier condition, they overestimate the stiffness of the wall. The proposed method is applicable to both strong spandrel-weak pier and weak spandrel-strong pier conditions. It has been observed that the results of the proposed method are generally in good agreement with the results of finite element analysis and experimental results and are better than the other methods available in literature.
Assessment and Optimization of Cutting Parameters while Turning AISI 52100 Steel
Vishal S Sharma,Suresh Dhiman,Rakesh Sehgal,Surinder Kumar Sharma 한국정밀공학회 2008 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.9 No.2
This investigation deals with machining AISI 52100 steel using a carbide-coated tool. The machining cutting force and tool tip temperature are measured online while turning using different cutting parameters. The surface roughness is also measured, but off-line after each cut. The obtained data are analyzed and the influence of the Cutting parameters on the machining variables is determined in the form of plots. Regression models obtained from the results are tested using additional experimental data.