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Two-step polarization reversal in biased ferroelectrics
Daniels, John E.,Cozzan, Clayton,Ukritnukun, Supphatuch,Tutuncu, Goknur,Andrieux, Jerome,Glaum, Julia,Dosch, Chris,Jo, Wook,Jones, Jacob L. American Institute of Physics 2014 JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS - Vol.115 No.22
Polarization reversal in polycrystalline ferroelectrics is shown to occur via two distinct and sequential domain reorientation steps. This reorientation sequence, which cannot be readily discriminated in the overall sample polarization, is made apparent using time-resolved high-energy x-ray diffraction. Upon application of electric fields opposite to the initial poling direction, two unique and significantly different time constants are observed. The first (faster time constant) is shown to be derived by the release of a residual stress due to initial electrical biasing and the second (slower time constant) due to the redevelopment of residual stress during further domain wall motion. A modified domain reorientation model is given that accurately describes the domain volume fraction evolution during the reversal process. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC.
Optimal Currency Basket Pegs for Developing and Emerging Economies
Daniels, Joseph P.,Toumanoff, Peter G.,Ruhr, Marc von der 세종대학교 국제경제연구소 2001 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.16 No.1
The exchange rate arrangement represents an important policy choice for emerging and transitional economies as they strive to become stable and market-driven. A wide variety of arrangements have emerged, ranging from currency boards, basket-currency pegs and single-currency pegs to floating rates. Recently the IMF has recommended that, if the exchange value of a currency is to be pegged, it is better to peg to a basket of currencies rather than a single currency. Nonetheless, there has been little theoretical research on the management and optimal design of basket-peg arrangements. In this paper we extend the small-country macroeconomic model of Turnovsky to show that an optimally designed basket-peg arrangement can minimize the variance in domestic consumer prices as well as the variance of foreign reserves. The model highlights the importance of the money and bond markets and, therefore, the importance of various interest rate channels. Additionally we show what a trade-weighted currency basket is not only suboptimal, it is at odds with increasing capital market integration. Further our solutions illustrate that the optimal weights will evolve as the domestic economy integrates with the global market for goods and services, and financial instruments.
CONVERSION TO CHRIST AS SPIRITUAL MIGRATION
Gene Daniels 횃불트리니티신학대학원대학교 한국이슬람연구소 2020 Muslim - Christian Encounter Vol.13 No.1
Metaphors have a powerful way of shaping our understanding, and sometimes it can be very helpful to introduce new ones into our conversations about the frontiers of mission. In this paper, I will contend that using human migration as a metaphor for conversion offers us new and important insights about what happens when Muslims turn to Christ. There are a few issues in particular that this lens brings into focus. Human migration theory helps us realize that there are two primary categories of factors involved in Muslim conversions, those that“push”them away from Islam, and those that“pull”them to Christ. Migration theory also points out that most migrants don’t simply go from“point A to B”in some kind of straight line. Conversion for many Muslim Background Believers (MBBs) is much more like a series of steps, and those steps are not always linear, or clearly sequential. Also, using the analog of human migration opens our understanding to some of the collateral issues of Muslim conversions to Christ.
Bones of democratic contention: Maritime disputes
Kelly Daniels,Sara McLaughlin Mitchell 한국외국어대학교 국제지역연구센터 2017 International Area Studies Review Vol.20 No.4
While no two democratic states have fought an interstate war against each other, democratic dyads experience militarized disputes with some frequency. Previous research suggests that a large percentage of militarized disputes between two democracies involve fishing and oil resources of the sea. Yet this research selects on cases where militarized conflict occurs, and fails to consider whether democracies have more frequent diplomatic conflicts over maritime areas relative to other regime pairings. Analyzing data from the Issue Correlates of War project, which includes diplomatic conflicts over maritime areas (1900–2007) in the Americas, Europe, Middle East, and Asia, this study finds that pairs of democracies have the highest chance of experiencing diplomatic maritime disputes among all pairs of countries in the same region or dyads involving major powers. Three theoretical explanations were empirically evaluated to account for this pattern: (a) greater opportunities for democratic maritime conflicts given higher levels of economic productivity and the sizes of fishing fleets in democratic states, (b) the increasing securitization of maritime issues, especially after the terrorist attacks of September 2001, and (c) variations in the number of democracies across regional contexts. Several illustrative case studies for each theoretical argument are presented. The authors discuss the implications of these findings for the democratic peace literature and the law of the sea regime.