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Universal basic education policy implementation in Nigeria
Stephen D. Bolaji,Glenda Campbell-Evans,Jan Gray 한국교육개발원 2016 KEDI Journal of Educational Policy Vol.13 No.2
This study examined the implementation of the Universal Basic Education (UBE) program and sought to understand the degree of shared understanding among bureaucrats regarding the policy intent and the level of alignment articulated in the policy related to access to basic education in Nigeria. Bureaucrats in two geo-political zones and the Federal Capital Territory were interviewed to assess this shared understanding and its effect on the outcomes for UBE. The attainment of the UBE access goal was limited due to bureaucratic implementation issues. This study recommends an approach that may help operationalize improvement in access to basic education in Nigeria at the system level of implementation.
Eiteneer, D.,Palsson, G.K.,Nemsak, S.,Gray, A.X.,Kaiser, A.M.,Son, J.,LeBeau, J.,Conti, G.,Greer, A.A.,Keqi, A.,Rattanachata, A.,Saw, A.Y.,Bostwick, A.,Rotenberg, E.,Gullikson, E.M.,Ueda, S.,Kobayashi Elsevier Scientific Pub. Co 2016 Journal of electron spectroscopy and related pheno Vol.211 No.-
LaNiO<SUB>3</SUB> (LNO) is an intriguing member of the rare-earth nickelates in exhibiting a metal-insulator transition for a critical film thickness of about 4 unit cells [Son et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 062114 (2010)]; however, such thin films also show a transition to a metallic state in superlattices with SrTiO<SUB>3</SUB> (STO) [Son et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 97, 202109 (2010)]. In order to better understand this transition, we have studied a strained LNO/STO superlattice with 10 repeats of [4 unit-cell LNO/3 unit-cell STO] grown on an (LaAlO<SUB>3</SUB>)<SUB>0.3</SUB>(Sr<SUB>2</SUB>AlTaO<SUB>6</SUB>)<SUB>0.7</SUB> substrate using soft x-ray standing-wave-excited angle-resolved photoemission (SWARPES), together with soft- and hard- x-ray photoemission measurements of core levels and densities-of-states valence spectra. The experimental results are compared with state-of-the-art density functional theory (DFT) calculations of band structures and densities of states. Using core-level rocking curves and x-ray optical modeling to assess the position of the standing wave, SWARPES measurements are carried out for various incidence angles and used to determine interface-specific changes in momentum-resolved electronic structure. We further show that the momentum-resolved behavior of the Ni 3d e<SUB>g</SUB> and t<SUB>2g</SUB> states near the Fermi level, as well as those at the bottom of the valence bands, is very similar to recently published SWARPES results for a related La<SUB>0.7</SUB>Sr<SUB>0.3</SUB>MnO<SUB>3</SUB>/SrTiO<SUB>3</SUB> superlattice that was studied using the same technique (Gray et al., Europhysics Letters 104, 17004 (2013)), which further validates this experimental approach and our conclusions. Our conclusions are also supported in several ways by comparison to DFT calculations for the parent materials and the superlattice, including layer-resolved density-of-states results.
Teo, Ruijie D.,Hwang, Jae Youn,Termini, John,Gross, Zeev,Gray, Harry B. American Chemical Society 2017 Chemical reviews Vol.117 No.4
<P>Corroles are exceptionally promising platforms for the development of agents for simultaneous cancer-targeting imaging and therapy. Depending on the element chelated by the corrole, these theranostic agents may be tuned primarily for diagnostic or therapeutic function. Versatile synthetic methodologies allow for the preparation of amphipolar derivatives, which form stable noncovalent conjugates with targeting biomolecules. These conjugates can be engineered for imaging and targeting as well as therapeutic function within one theranostic. assembly. In this review, we begin with a brief outline of corrole chemistry that has been uniquely useful in designing corrole-based anticancer agents. Then we turn attention to the early literature regarding corrole anticancer activity, which commenced one year after the first scalable synthesis was reported (1999-2000). In 2001, a major advance was made with the introduction of negatively charged corroles, as these molecules, being amphipolar, form stable conjugates with many proteins. More recently, both cellular uptake and intracellular trafficking of metallocorroles have been documented in experimental investigations employing advanced optical spectroscopic as well as magnetic resonance imaging techniques. Key results from work on both cellular and animal models are reviewed, with emphasis on those that have shed new light on the mechanisms associated with anticancer activity. In closing, we predict a very bright future for corrole anticancer research, as it is experiencing exponential growth, taking full advantage of recently developed imaging and therapeutic modalities.</P>
OH MASERS TOWARDS THE W49A STAR-FORMING REGION WITH MERLIN AND e-MERLN OBSERVATIONS
ASANOK, KITIYANEE,ETOKA, SANDRA,GRAY, MALCOLM D.,RICHARDS, ANITA M.S.,KRAMER, BUSABA H.,GASIPRONG, NIPON The Korean Astronomical Society 2015 天文學論叢 Vol.30 No.2
We present preliminary results from OH ground state phase referenced observations carried out with the Multi Element Radio Linked Interferometer Network (MERLIN) and e-MERLIN towards the massive star forming region W49A. There are three active SFRs within this complex: W49 North (W49 N), W49 South (W49 S) and W49 South West (W49 SW). The first epoch of observations was obtained in 2005 with MERLIN while the second epoch was obtained in 2013 with the e-MERLIN upgraded system. In this paper, we present 1665 and 1720 MHz maser emission towards W49 S and W49 SW. Overall, both epochs show good agreement with the previous observations of Argon et al. (2000) carried out with the Very Large Array (VLA). The better sensitivity and wider velocity coverage of the MERLIN/e-MERLIN observations allowed us to discover a new 1720 MHz OH maser site in W49 S.
Visualization of Specific Energy for Open Channel Flow in Three Dimensions
이준선,이승오,Donald D. Gray,홍승호 대한토목학회 2019 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.23 No.6
Specific energy is the total head with respect to the channel bottom. It is a summation of the velocity head and the depth of flow at a given cross section. Specific energy has proven to be very useful in the analysis of open channel flow and the concept is discussed in every open channel book. Usually, the discussion is illustrated by 2-dimensional plots of depth vs. specific energy with discharge as a parameter and/or depth vs. flowrate with specific energy as a parameter. Obviously, these graphs depict slices through a surface in a three-dimensional space whose coordinates are depth, discharge, and specific energy. Furthermore, the plots are almost invariably displayed only for rectangular cross sections, and the three-dimensional specific energy surface is rarely shown. Using graphical software, this paper displayed the specific energy function as a surface in three dimensions for rectangular cross sections. For the first time, the specific energy function is also visualized in three dimensions for rectangular and trapezoidal cross sections as well as a compound channel cross sections, revealing unexpected features. Above all, this study is particularly meaningful in expressing alternate depth and critical water depth in an effective way that only a few researchers have tried to express before.
A. ROUSSEAU,S. SAGLINI,M. JAKLOV,D. GRAY,K. HARDY 한국자동차공학회 2003 International journal of automotive technology Vol.4 No.1
The Center for Transportation Research at the Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) supports the DOE by evaluating advanced automotive technologies in a systems conlext. ANL has developed a unique set of compatible simulation tools and test equipment to perform an integrated systems analysis project from modeling through hardware testing and validation. This project utilized these capabilities to demonstrate the trade-off in fuel economy and Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) emissions in a so-called 'pre-transmission' parallel hybrid powertrain. The powertrain contiguration (in simulation and on the dynamometer) consists of a Compression Ignition Direct Ignition (CIDI) engine. a Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT) and an electric drive motor coupled to the CVT input shaft. The trade-off is studied in a simulated environment using PSAT with different controllers (fuzzy logic and rule based) and engine models (neural network and steady state models developed from ANL data),<br/>
Rousseau, A.,Saglini, S.,Jakov, M.,Gray, D.,Hardy, K. The Korean Society of Automotive Engineers 2003 International journal of automotive technology Vol.4 No.1
The Center for Transportation Research at the Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) supports the DOE by evaluating advanced automotive technologies in a systems context. ha has developed a unique set of compatible simulation tools and test equipment to perform an integrated systems analysis project from modeling through hardware testing and validation. This project utilized these capabilities to demonstrate the trade-off in fuel economy and Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) emissions in a so-called ‘pre-transmission’ parallel hybrid powertrain. The powertrain configuration (in simulation and on the dynamometer) consists of a Compression Ignition Direct Ignition (CIDI) engine, a Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT) and an electric drive motor coupled to the CVT input shaft. The trade-off is studied in a simulated environment using PSAT with different controllers (fuzzy logic and rule based) and engine models (neural network and steady state models developed from ANL data).