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여성 노인의 건강 지위, 사회적 지지와 여가 활동에 관한 연구
조경욱(Kyung Wook Cuo) 한국노인복지학회 2005 노인복지연구 Vol.0 No.27
본 연구는 전북지역 여성노인을 대상으로 여가활동에 영향을 미치는 요인을 검토하는데 주된 목적을 두고 있다. 구체적으로는 여성노인의 연령, 학력, 경제 상태 등의 사회인구학적 요인, 건강지위, 경제적 요인, 사회적 지지 등의 상호관계를 분석한 뒤, 여가활동 참여에 대한 사회적지지 요인의 효과를 검증하고자 하였다. 설문조사는 2004년 10월 중에 전북지역 도시지역과 농촌지역에 거주하는 60세 이상의 여성노인을 대상으로 지역표집과 집락표집을 병행하여 표본을 추출하였고, 최종적으로는 썬5명의 응답자를 분석하였다. 주요 연구결과를 정리하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 여성노인들이 주로 참여하는 여가활동은 TV나 신문보기, 친구나 이웃과의 담소, 집안일 보기 등 소극적인 활동이며, 지역사회활동, 노인대학 및 노인교육, 봉사활동 등 자기개발형 혹은 사회참여형 여가활동 참여 비율이 매우 낮다. 둘째, 여성노인의 연령이 낮을수록, 학력이 높을수록, 경제 상태와 건강지위가 높을수록, 그리고 사회적 지지가 많을수록 여가활동 참여정도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 여가활동 참여에 영향을 미치는 여러 요인 가운데 사회적 지지도가 가장 설명력을 높이는 것으로 나타나, 여성노인의 석가활동 참여를 활성화하는데 있어서 노인들의 사회관계망과 사회적 지지를 고려할 필요가 있다고 보여 진다. 위와 같은 분석결과에 기초하여 본 연구에서는 (1)여성노인의 여가활동을 촉진하기 위한 정책 개발에 있어서는 남성중심적인 여가활동을 성인지적인 관점으로 새롭게 접근할 필요가 있으며, (2)여가활동에 제약이 있는 저소득층 노인이나 건강상태가 좋지 못한 노인들이 접근하고 참여할 수 있는 방안을 모색하기 위해 노인들의 여가시설 접근성을 높일 수 있는 여가 및 복지시설을 확충하고, (3)가족, 이웃, 친구 등의 네트워크와 사회적 지지가 여성노인의 여가활동 참여로 유도 하는 매개체가 되도록 연대와 참여를 통한 네트워크형 여가활동 만들기를 제안하였다. This study examines the factors that significantly affect aged women`s leisure activities by surveying aged women residing in the Jeonbuk province. Specifically, the study inspects the effects that social supports factors have on the extent to which old women participate in leisure activities, by analyzing correlations between health status, economic factors, social supports, and socio-demographic factors such as age, education, etc. The results of the analysis show: First, the majority of old women spend their free time doing passive activities such as watching TV, reading the newspaper, or chatting with friends or neighbors. Second, the lower old women`s age is, the more schooling they received, and the higher health status and economic strength they have, the more frequently they join leisure activities. Third, social supports most greatly influence the active participation of aged women in leisure activities. It indicates that social supports and networks should be taken into consideration in oder to encourage old women to positively participate in leisure activities. Based upon the above results of the analysis, this study suggests: First, current leisure activities should be newly approached from gender-cognitive perspectives when developing policies to promote old women`s leisure activities. Second, easily accessible leisure and welfare facilities should be expanded in oder to allow elderly women in poor health or from the low-income brackets to take part in leisure activities. Third, a network of leisure activities should be established in oder for social supports and networks like families, neighbors, and friends to induce the participation of elderly women in leisure activities.
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Fracture in Strain Gradient Elasticity
Hwang, K . C .,Cuo, T . F .,Huang, Y .,Chen, J . Y . 대한금속재료학회(대한금속학회) 1998 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.4 No.4
Recent experiments have shown that the microscale material behavior is very different from that of bulk materials, and displays strong size effects when the characteristic length associated with the deformation is on the order of microns. Conventional continuum theories, however, can not predict this size dependence because they do not have an intrinsic length in their constitutive models. A new continuum theory, namely the strain gradient theory, has been proposed to investigate the deformation of solids at the microscale. For materials undergoing plastic deformation, the basis of strain gradient theory is the dislocation theory in materials science, and strain gradient plasticity has agreed remarkably well with experiments. For elastic materials with microstructures, it has also been established that the material behavior can be represented by an elastic strain gradient theory. A general approach to investigate fracture of materials with strain gradient effects i;; established. Both the near-tip asymptotic fields and the elastic full-field solutions are obtained in closed form. Due to stain gradient effects, stresses ahead of a crack tip are significantly higher than those in the classical K field. The plastic zone size surrounding a crack tip is estimated by elastic near-tip fields, as well as by the Dugdale model. It is established that the plastic zone is, in general, much more round and larger than that estimated from the classical K field.
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Chih-Chung Chung,Guo-Liang Ren,I-Ting Chen,Che-Ju, Cuo,Hao-Chun Chang Korean Nuclear Society 2024 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.56 No.4
Bentonite is a recommended material for the multiple barriers in the final disposal of low-level radioactive waste (LLW) to prevent groundwater intrusion and nuclear species migration. However, after drying-wetting cycling during the repository construction stage and ion exchange with the concrete barrier in the long-term repository, the bentonite mechanical behaviors, including swelling capacity and hydraulic conductivity, would be further influenced by the groundwater intrusion, resulting in radioactive leakage. To comprehensively examine the factors on the mechanical characteristics of bentonite, this study presented scenarios involving MX-80 and KV-1 bentonites subjected to drying-wetting cycling and accelerated ion migration. The experiments subsequently measured free swelling, swelling pressure, and hydraulic conductivity of bentonites with intrusions of seawater, high pH, and low pH solutions. The results indicated that the solutions caused a reduction in swelling volume and pressure, and an increase in hydraulic conductivity. Specifically, the swelling capability of bentonite with drying-wetting cycling in the seawater decreased significantly by 60%, while hydraulic conductivity increased by more than three times. Therefore, the study suggested minimizing drying-wetting cycling and preventing seawater intrusion, ensuring a long service life of the multiple barriers in the LLW repository.
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