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Chung-Lin Lee,Ying-Hsu Chang,Chung-Yi Liu,Ming-Li Hsieh,Liang-Kang Huang,Yuan-Cheng Chu,Hung-Cheng Kan,Po-Hung Lin,Kai-Jie Yu,Cheng-Keng Chuang,Chun-Te Wu,See-Tong Pang,I-Hung Shao 대한비뇨의학회 2022 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.63 No.5
Purpose: Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) has a poor prognosis. Abiraterone acetate (AA), enzalutamide, and chemotherapy are first-line treatments for patients with mCRPC. This study examined prognostic factors for AA response in the form of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) kinetics throughout androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) in chemonaïve patients with mCRPC. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively included data from 34 chemonaïve patients with mCRPC who had received AA at some point between January 2017 and December 2018. We separated patients into two study arms according to the decrease in PSA percentages after use of AA for 3 months. We correlated PSA kinetics parameters with response and compared the two study groups with respect to PSA kinetics. Results: The patients’ median age was 77 years. In the total group of patients, 64% had a response to AA, whereas 35% did not. The ratio of the PSA level at nadir to the level during ADT was significantly higher in the AA-sensitive group (19.78 vs. 1.03, p=0.019). Conclusions: Patients who experienced a dramatic change in PSA level during ADT were more likely to be resistant to AA after progression to mCRPC. Chemotherapy rather than AA might be more suitable as a first-line treatment for these patients.
Nurieva, Roza I.,Chung, Yeonseok,Hwang, Daehee,Yang, Xuexian O.,Kang, Hong Soon,Ma, Li,Wang, Yi-hong,Watowich, Stephanie S.,Jetten, Anton M.,Tian, Qiang,Dong, Chen Elsevier 2008 Immunity Vol.29 No.1
<P><B>Summary</B></P><P>After activation, CD4<SUP>+</SUP> helper T (Th) cells differentiate into distinct effector subsets. Although chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 5-expressing T follicular helper (Tfh) cells are important in humoral immunity, their developmental regulation is unclear. Here we show that Tfh cells had a distinct gene expression profile and developed in vivo independently of the Th1 or Th2 cell lineages. Tfh cell generation was regulated by ICOS ligand (ICOSL) expressed on B cells and was dependent on interleukin-21 (IL-21), IL-6, and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). However, unlike Th17 cells, differentiation of Tfh cells did not require transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) or Th17-specific orphan nuclear receptors RORα and RORγ in vivo. Finally, naive T cells activated in vitro in the presence of IL-21 but not TGF-β signaling preferentially acquired Tfh gene expression and promoted germinal-center reactions in vivo. This study thus demonstrates that Tfh is a distinct Th cell lineage.</P>
Mobility-Sensitive Multicast Protocol in NEMO
Long-Sheng Li,Hung-I Chi,Kai-Chung Xie,Din-Yuan Chan 한국인터넷정보학회 2022 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.16 No.6
In view of the past, the mobility of the multicast source in the mobility networks is seldom discussed in the traditional multicast protocols. It is a heavy cost for the traditional multicast protocols to reconstruct the multicast tree in the Network Mobility (NEMO) environment. This article proposes an alternative multicast protocol, referred to as Mobility-Sensitive Multicast protocol (MSM), for the NEMO environment. The MSM can be considered as an alternative version of the Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD) protocol to maintain the multicast tree in the NEMO. There are two obvious contributions for the MSM. Reconstruct mechanism could rebuild the multicast tree for the mobility of the multicast source. Multi-group suppression mechanism reduce the multicast tree maintaining cost for the mobility of the multicast members. Through the performance evaluations and analyses, the MSM has less cost to maintain the multicast tree than the traditional multicast protocols, especially for a large numbers of multicast groups. Moreover, the MSM allows the mobility of the multicast source to reconstruct the multicast tree easily.
Effects of Fabric Surface Energy on Human Thermophysiological Responses during Exercise and Recovery
Zhou, L.Y.,Li, Y.,Chung, J.,Tokura, H.,Gohel, M.D.I.,Kwok, Y.L.,Feng, X.W. The Korean Fiber Society 2007 Fibers and polymers Vol.8 No.3
The present paper reports a study on influences of fabric surface energy of cotton and polyester garments on clothing microclimates and human thermophysiological responses during intermittent exercise and recovery. Eight healthy males wearing the garments prepared performed exercises and rest according to the following protocol: rest for 30 min, run on treadmill for total 60 min of three sessions with different intensity and duration, and then sit quietly for 30 min for recovery, all at $30^{\circ}C$ and relative humidity of 30 %, while the microclimate humidity ($H_{mc}$) and temperature ($T_{mc}$), the clothing outside surface humidity ($H_{co}$) and temperature ($T_{co}$), the skin temperatures and ear canal temperature ($T_{ear_canal})$ were measured. The garments are made of: (a) hydrophilic and hydrophobic cotton knitted fabrics, and (b) hydrophilic and hydrophobic polyester knitted fabrics. During and after exercise, for cotton, hydrophilic garment resulted in significant lower ${\Delta}H_{mc}$, ${\Delta}H_{co}$, ${\Delta}T_{mc}$, during recovery, higher ${\Delta}{\bar{T}}_{sk}$, lower ${\Delta}T_{ear_canal}$ and ${\Delta}T_{forehead}$. For polyester, hydrophilic garment resulted in significantly lower ${\Delta}H_{co}$, ${\Delta}T_{co}$, higher ${\Delta}T_{forehead}$, during E1, E2 and recovery session but lower during E3. In summary, surface energy of cotton garments had significant influences on human thermophysiological responses during exercise and recovery, and hydrophilic cotton garment was better than hydrophobic one to reduce heat stress. Surface energy of polyester garments had influences of lower significance, and hydrophilic garment appeared better than hydrophobic garment.
Cranioplasty with Custom-made Artificial Bone after Resection of Multilobular Bone Tumor in a Dog
최성진,Muneki Honnami,I-Li Liu,Kenichi Yamamoto,Shinsuke Ohba,Ryosuke Echigo,Shigeki Suzuki,Ryouhei Nishimura,Ung-il Chung,Nobuo Sasaki,Manabu Mochizuki 한국임상수의학회 2014 한국임상수의학회지 Vol.31 No.1
A 7-year-old spayed female Welsh corgi presented with a mass of the skull. The mass was diagnosed asmultilobular bone tumor and surgically removed. To treat a large bone defect after the tumor removal, custom-madeartificial bone fabricated by a 3-dimensional ink-jet printer was implanted in the defect. Follow-up computed tomographyevaluation was performed for 4.3 years. The implant was well integrated with the skull and had covered the largebone defect during the follow-up period. Gradual degradation of the implant began 6 weeks after surgery. It providesan additional option for the treatment of large bone defect.
Park Hyoung Keun,Min Gyeong Eun,Chung Kyung Jin,Li Shufeng,Choi Woo Suk,Chung Benjamin I. 대한남성과학회 2021 The World Journal of Men's Health Vol.39 No.3
Purpose: The objective of this study was to investigate the type of redo varicocelectomy according to the initial surgery type using a large population of USA insurance data. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective observational cohort study. Administrative claims data were extracted from the IBM® MarketScan Research Database. We included all newly diagnosed patients with varicocele from January 2007 to December 2014 using International Classification of Disease, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) codes. The treatment methods were identified by Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) code. Results: A total of 261,785 subjects were diagnosed with varicocele. Of these, a total of 19,800 (7.6%) patients underwent varicocele surgery. Inguinal, abdominal, laparoscopic, microsurgery, and embolization surgery were performed in 66%, 19%, 10%, 3%, and 2%, respectively, as initial treatment. A total of 340 patients (1.7%) underwent redo varicocele surgery. Inguinal, microscopic, embolization, abdominal, and laparoscopic surgery were used as the redo method in 43%, 25%, 16%, 8%, and 7%, respectively. The redo inguinal approach was the preferred method in patients who first underwent inguinal, abdominal, and laparoscopic surgery, but not in patients who underwent microscopic or embolization procedures. Most patients who initially underwent microscopic varicocelectomy or embolization underwent redo varicocelectomy using the same method. Conclusions: Compared to the type of initial varicocelectomy, there were changes in the proportion of each type of surgical approach in redo operation procedures. While inguinal varicocelectomy is the most common method in redo operations, the number of microscopic varicocelectomy or embolization procedures is significantly increased in redo surgery.