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Richard W. Stoffle,Christopher Sittler,Kathleen Van Vlack,Evelyn Pickering,Heather H. Lim 국립민속박물관 2020 International Journal of Intangible Heritage Vol.15 No.1
In this essay we contrast the GeoFacts about large stone arches that derive from the science of geology, with the GeoFacts about large stone arches that derive from the cultural beliefs of Native Americans. Geologists interpret arches as inert stones that have been eroded away by natural forces, while Native Americans see arches as having been formed by the Creator as stone portals designed to provide travel to other dimensions and are key features of their heritage. Holders of each perspective draw on conflicting epistemological premises which support the truth (the veritas) of their stipulated GeoFacts. The ‘epistemological divide’ that these premises create is a significant barrier to heritage environmental communication in general, and specifically to discussions about the appropriate meanings, management, and uses of stone arches. This analysis is based on 484 ethnographic interviews (168 at Arches National Park and 316 at Canyonlands National Park) with representatives of six tribes and pueblos.
‘Grandfather Tree’: Ute Horror at the Killing of a Heritage Tree
Richard W. Stoffle,Alden Naranjo,Christopher E. Sittler,Kelly Slivka 국립민속박물관 2018 International Journal of Intangible Heritage Vol.13 No.-
This paper illustrates that epistemological barriers can stand inthe way of communication about, and understanding of, naturalheritage resources. This common problem becomes explicit byusing the 2017 killing of a living Ute ‘Grandfather Tree’ in Delta,Colorado. The 260-year-old tree, which was recognised asculturally central to the three Ute Indian Tribes and the people ofthe State of Colorado, was cut down while still alive by the DeltaCounty Historical Society. Communication about this actionwas short, one-sided, and clouded by the contrasting beliefs ofthe two parties: i.e., to Euro-Americans the tree was just woodwithout rights, while to the Ute people the tree was a livinggrandfather with full rights to exist.
Towards cross-platform interoperability for machine-assisted text annotation
Richard Eckart de Castilho,Nancy Ide,김진동,Jan-Christoph Klie,Keith Suderman 한국유전체학회 2019 Genomics & informatics Vol.17 No.2
In this paper, we investigate cross-platform interoperability for natural language processing (NLP) and, in particular, annotation of textual resources, with an eye toward identifying the design elements of annotation models and processes that are particularly problematic for, or amenable to, enabling seamless communication across different platforms. The study is conducted in the context of a specific annotation methodology, namely machine-assisted interactive annotation (also known as human-in-the-loop annotation). This methodology requires the ability to freely combine resources from different document repositories, access a wide array of NLP tools that automatically annotate corpora for various linguistic phenomena, and use a sophisticated annotation editor that enables interactive manual annotation coupled with on-the-fly machine learning. We consider three independently developed platforms, each of which utilizes a different model for representing annotations over text, and each of which performs a different role in the process.
The Influence of Health Perception on Shoulder Outcome Measure Scores
Richard E. Hardy,Engin Sungur,Christopher Butler,Jefferson C. Brand 대한견주관절학회 2019 대한견주관절의학회지 Vol.22 No.4
Background: Patient reported outcome measures assess clinical progress from the patient’s perspective. This study explored the relationship between shoulder outcome measures (The Disability of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand [DASH], American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Standard Shoulder Assessment score [ASES], and Constant score) by comparing the best possible scores obtained in an asymptomatic population compared to overall perception of health, as measured by the SF-36 outcome measure. Methods: Volunteers (age range, 20–69 years) with asymptomatic shoulders and no history of shoulder pain, injury, surgery, imaging, or pathology (bilaterally) were included. The DASH and ASES measures were completed by 111 volunteers (72 female, 39 male), of which 92 completed the Constant score (56 female, 36 male). The SF-36 was completed by all volunteers (level of evidence: IV case series). Results: The mean (x) score for ASES measure on the right shoulder was higher for the left-hand dominant side (x=100.00 vs. 95.02, p-value<0.001); no other significant differences. Better SF-36 scores were associated with better DASH scores. Our prediction models suggest that perception of overall health affects the DASH scores. Sex affected all three shoulder measures scores. Conclusions: Comparing scores of shoulder outcome measures to the highest possible score is not the most informative way to interpret patient progress. Variables such as health status, sex, and hand dominance need to be considered. Furthermore, it is possible to use these variables to predict scores of outcome measures, which facilitates the healthcare provider to deliver individualized care to their patients.
Housing Renewal in the 21<SUP>st</SUP> Century: Perspectives from Europe
Christopher Watson,Richard Turkington 한국주거학회 2015 한국주거학회 국제학술대회논문집 Vol.2015 No.4
Many European countries have a long tradition of housing renewal, yet what was once a centrepiece of housing activity has moved down the policy agenda, despite the widespread and growing problem of Europe’s ageing and poor quality housing stock. The paper draws on contemporary accounts of housing and urban renewal in nine European countries to analyse what has been achieved; to consider shared concerns over energy performance and conservation, social protection and inclusion, and the roles and responsibilities of the public and private sectors; and to discuss prospects for the continuing challenge of renewing Europe’s housing in the 21<SUP>st</SUP> century.