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        Cerebellar Structural Abnormality in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study

        Lu Qifang,Chen Jin,Wang Yanming,Huang Li,Jiang Zhoufan,Nguchu Benedictor Alexander,Chen Shishuo,Qiu Bensheng,Wang Xiaoxiao 대한신경정신의학회 2023 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.20 No.4

        Objective This study uses structural magnetic resonance imaging to explore changes in the cerebellar lobules in patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and further analyze the correlation between cerebellar structural changes and clinical symptoms of ASD.Methods A total of 75 patients with ASD and 97 typically developing (TD) subjects from Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange dataset were recruited. We adopted an advanced automatic cerebellar lobule segmentation technique called CEREbellum Segmentation to segment each cerebellar hemisphere into 12 lobules. Normalized cortical thickness of each lobule was recorded, and group differences in the cortical measures were evaluated. Correlation analysis was also performed between the normalized cortical thickness and the score of Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised.Results Results from analysis of variance showed that the normalized cortical thickness of the ASD group differed significantly from that of the TD group; specifically, the ASD group had lower normalized cortical thickness than the TD group. Post-hoc analysis revealed that the differences were more predominant in the left lobule VI, left lobule Crus I and left lobule X, and in the right lobule VI and right lobule Crus I. Lowered normalized cortical thickness in the left lobule Crus I in the ASD patients correlated positively with the abnormality of development evident at or before 36 months subscore.Conclusion These results suggest abnormal development of cerebellar lobule structures in ASD patients, and such abnormality might significantly influence the pathogenesis of ASD. These findings provide new insights into the neural mechanisms of ASD, which may be clinically relevant to ASD diagnosis.

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        Experimental and Numerical Study on the Nonlinear Behavior of Strengthened Beams Under High Preload

        Jingxian Zhao,Hongbo Liu,Zhihua Chen,Shishuo Zhang 한국강구조학회 2021 International Journal of Steel Structures Vol.21 No.5

        The behavior of the H-beam strengthened with welded T-beam is tested and simulated to investigate the nonlinear behavior of fl exural members strengthened under high preload. Experimental result reveals that for the four specimens that fails predominantly by fl exural yielding, the increase in the preload results in a reduction in both the yield load and the ultimate load when the preload ratio exceeds 0.75. In the parametric numerical analysis, the eff ect of heat input is considered by means of indirect thermal-structural coupling analysis. At each preload ratio, the infl uence of the aspect ratio, which is defi ned as the ratio between section height and width, is studied. Results show that as the aspect ratio decreases, the discrepancy between the ultimate load of preloaded and unpreloaded beams increases. An empirical formula is proposed to calculate the reduction of ultimate load for beams aff ected from diff erent preload ratios considering various aspect ratios. Further studies are conducted on the welding safety. It is demonstrated that beam with the section larger than WH100 × 100 × 10 × 10 may be welded under high load safely when the preload ratio is < 0.97. What’s more, the approaches to calculate residual defl ection and increments of defl ection during welding process are proposed and verifi ed to be eff ective. Finally, the proposed theoretical method to calculate design bearing capacity of reinforced beams may be utilized to increase the accuracy of design process.

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