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Chakrabarti, Satadal,Manna, Buddhadeb Korean Society of Sericultural Science 2008 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.17 No.1
Infection of pathogenic microsporidia, Nosema bombycis and Nosema mylitta (Chakrabarti and Manna, 2006) decreased egg production, fecundity, hatching % and increased sterile eggs in heavily infected mulberry silkmoth, Bombyx mori L. On an average a disease free moth laid upto 442.67 eggs with high hatching % (99.53) and less sterile eggs ($0.47{\sim}2.00%$). While an infected moth laid less number of eggs ($7.00{\sim}412.00$) with low hatching % ($32.437{\sim}98.643$) and high sterile eggs ($2.143{\sim}129.571$). Fecundity of disease free laying was highest (468.714) during season-1 then gradually decreased during season- 2 (414.000) to season- 3 (404.285). But fecundity of an infected laying was highest during season-2 and hatched eggs were lowest during season-2. Higher inoculums concentration of N. mylitta infected to 5th stage larva of mulberry silkworm drastically decreased the fecundity in season - 3 and lower inoculums concentration of N. bombycis decreased the fecundity in season-1 and 3. Season-3 was most effective season to decrease the fecundity and increase sterile eggs when both temperature and humidity were fluctuated from the optimum level.
( Satadal Chakrabarti ),( Buddhadeb Manna ) 한국잠사학회 2008 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.17 No.1
Infection of pathogenic microsporidia, Nosema bombycis and Nosema mylitta (Chakrabarti and Manna, 2006) decreased egg production, fecundity, hatching % and increased sterile eggs in heavily infected mulberry silkmoth, Bombyx mori L. On an average a disease free moth laid upto 442.67 eggs with high hatching % (99.53) and less sterile eggs (0.47~2.00%). While an infected moth laid less number of eggs (7.00~412.00) with low hatching % (32.437~98.643) and high sterile eggs (2.143~129.571). Fecundity of disease free laying was highest (468.714) during season-1 then gradually decreased during season-2 (414.000) to season-3 (404.285). But fecundity of an infected laying was highest during season-2 and hatched eggs were lowest during season-2. Higher inoculums concentration of N. mylitta infected to 5th stage larva of mulberry silkworm drastically decreased the fecundity in season -3 and lower inoculums concentration of N. bombycis decreased the fecundity in season-1 and 3. Season-3 was most effective season to decrease the fecundity and increase sterile eggs when both temperature and humidity were fluctuated from the optimum level.
Chakrabarty, Satadal,Saha, A.K.,Manna, B.,Kumar, S. Nirmal Korean Society of Sericultural Science 2013 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.27 No.2
In nature, the population of Nosema bombycis (Microsporidia) causing pebrine disease is small and their development is extremely slow and only few ultimately producing spores. Pebrine infected silkworm, Bombyx mori larvae collected from sericulture field were alive till $3^{rd}$ generation though the concentration of N.bombycis spore was very high ($2.4-3.0{\times}10^8$ spores. $mL^{-1}$). All larvae were died during $4^{th}$ generation with extremely high concentration of pebrine spores ($3.0-4.0{\times}10^9$ spores. $mL^{-1}$) and mostly contain long polar tube (LT). Alternately, all larvae were died immediately (at $3^{rd}$ stage of $1^{st}$ generation) when it was artificially inoculated with same concentration of N.bombycis spores harvested from field ($2.4-3.0{\times}10^8$ spores. $mL^{-1}$) though concentration of spores harvest was very less ($3.0-4.0{\times}10^6$ spores. $mL^{-1}$) and mostly contain short polar tube (ST). Artificially pebrine infected male moth when mated with healthy female moth took six generations to develop pebrine disease and all larvae were died at the $2^{nd}$ stage with very less spore harvest ($3.0-10.0{\times}10^6$ spores. $mL^{-1}$). Survival percentage was increased in all generations (~92.0% at $4^{th}$ generation) when silkworm rearing was conducted under new integrated disease management system.
Chakrabarti, K.,Nambissan, P.M.G.,Mukherjee, C.D.,Bardhan, K.K.,Kim, C.,Yang, K.S. Elsevier 2006 Carbon Vol.44 No.5
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-based carbon fibers, embedded with multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) in different concentrations, have been prepared by an electrospinning technique and investigated using scanning electron microscopy, Raman, and positron annihilation spectroscopy. An analysis of the positron lifetime and Doppler broadened spectral line shape has been made. Positron lifetime spectra for all the samples give best fit for three distinct lifetime components. Raman data has been used to estimate the sp<SUP>2</SUP> mole fraction in the fiber. It is found that the gradual changes incorporated in the fiber due to the addition of MWCNTs are reflected as well defined changes in the positron lifetime and the <I>S</I> parameter of the Doppler broadened spectral line. Annihilation parameters are discussed from the point of view of formation of distinct positron trapping sites in the form of vacancy type defects at the interfaces of MWCNTs and the PAN matrix, and their variations in concentration due to different amount of MWCNTs added.</P>
Large Deflections of a Clamped Circular Plate Pressed by a Hemispherical - Headed Punch
Chakrabarty, J . 대한금속재료학회(대한금속학회) 1998 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.4 No.4
A new method of analysis based on the consideration of equilibrium and a physically acceptable displacement field is proposed in this paper to investigate the fully plastic behaviour of a clamped circular plate which is loaded axisymmetrically by a rigid hemispherical-headed punch. The attention is confined to the range of loads for which the central deflection of the plate exceeds the plate thickness, and the effect of the induced membrane forces is duly allowed for in the theoretical framework to obtain a realistic expression for the load-deflection relation in the plastic range. When the central deflection becomes sufficiently large, the deformation of the plate occurs essentially under membrane stresses alone, and the analysis then becomes similar to the one presented earlier by the author for a material that work-hardens isotropically according to the Ludwik power law. Since the considered range of deflections is sufficiently large, the material is assumed to be rigid/plastic, and the work-hardening of the material is disregarded as a necessary first step towards a more general solution. The complete load-deflection relation is presented in a graphical form for the situation where the punch radius is equal to the radius of the plate.