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( Satadal Chakrabarti ),( Buddhadeb Manna ) 한국잠사학회 2008 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.17 No.2
The influence of temperature and relative humidity in infection and cross-infection of Nosema bombycis and N. mylitta respectively in mulberry silkworm, Bombyx mori L. on larval mortality, multiplication of pathogens, larval weight and growth rate in three different seasons were studied. Seasons were selected in such condition, when very less fluctuations between minimum and maximum temperature and minimum and maximum relative humidity (25~28℃ and 65~72% R.H) was observed i.e., season-1. Fluctuations between minimum and maximum temperature were less (28.05~34.50℃) but R.H % was more (55~81%) in season-2. Fluctuations between minimum and maximum temperature and R.H % were more (20.00~40.5℃ and 64.00~90.00%) in season-3. Growth rate of microsporidian-infected silkworm is directly related to the prevailing temperature and relative humidity in silkworm. Silkworm can tolerate slight variation of temperature but slight variation of relative humidity disfavours the development of silkworm and favours the multiplication of pathogens.
Bireshwar Bera,Buddhadeb Manna 한국잠사학회 2009 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.18 No.2
The presence of considerable amount of enzymes of TCA cycle isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH-NADP+, EC 1.1.1.42), α-ketogluterate dehydrogenase (α-KGD, EC 1.2.4.2) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH, EC1.1.1.37) in fresh control and in vitro starved adult Isoparorchis hypselobagri establish the functional TCA cycle in this fluke. The major metabolic end products are pyruvate, lactate, oxaloacetate and malate. The ratio of oxaloacetate/malate assess that oxaloacetate is reduced to malate and in this fluke the reverse TCA cycle is active. The pyruvate/lactate ratio shows pyruvate is reduced to lactate and the fluke is homolactate farmenters.
Chakrabarti, Satadal,Manna, Buddhadeb Korean Society of Sericultural Science 2008 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.17 No.1
Infection of pathogenic microsporidia, Nosema bombycis and Nosema mylitta (Chakrabarti and Manna, 2006) decreased egg production, fecundity, hatching % and increased sterile eggs in heavily infected mulberry silkmoth, Bombyx mori L. On an average a disease free moth laid upto 442.67 eggs with high hatching % (99.53) and less sterile eggs ($0.47{\sim}2.00%$). While an infected moth laid less number of eggs ($7.00{\sim}412.00$) with low hatching % ($32.437{\sim}98.643$) and high sterile eggs ($2.143{\sim}129.571$). Fecundity of disease free laying was highest (468.714) during season-1 then gradually decreased during season- 2 (414.000) to season- 3 (404.285). But fecundity of an infected laying was highest during season-2 and hatched eggs were lowest during season-2. Higher inoculums concentration of N. mylitta infected to 5th stage larva of mulberry silkworm drastically decreased the fecundity in season - 3 and lower inoculums concentration of N. bombycis decreased the fecundity in season-1 and 3. Season-3 was most effective season to decrease the fecundity and increase sterile eggs when both temperature and humidity were fluctuated from the optimum level.
Bera, Bireshwar,Manna, Buddhadeb Korean Society of Sericultural Science 2009 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.18 No.2
The presence of considerable amount of enzymes of TCA cycle isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH-NADP+, EC1.1.1.42), $\alpha$-ketogluterate dehydrogenase ($\alpha$-KGD, EC1.2.4.2) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH, EC1.1.1.37) in fresh control and in vitro starved adult Isoparorchis hypselobagri establish the functional TCA cycle in this fluke. The major metabolic end products are pyruvate, lactate, oxaloacetate and malate. The ratio of oxaloacetate/malate assess that oxaloacetate is reduced to malate and in this fluke the reverse TCA cycle is active. The pyruvate/lactate ratio shows pyruvate is reduced to lactate and the fluke is homolactate farmenters.
Chakrabarti, Satadal,Manna, Buddhadeb Korean Society of Sericultural Science 2008 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.17 No.2
The influence of temperature and relative humidity in infection and cross-infection of Nosema bombycis and N. mylitta respectively in mulberry silkworm, Bombyx mori L. on larval mortality, multiplication of pathogens, larval weight and growth rate in three different seasons were studied. Seasons were selected in such condition, when very less fluctuations between minimum and maximum temperature and minimum and maximum relative humidity ($25{\sim}28^{\circ}C$ and $65{\sim}72%$ R.H) was observed i.e., season-1. Fluctuations between minimum and maximum temperature were less ($28.05{\sim}34.50^{\circ}C$) but R.H % was more ($55{\sim}81%$) in season-2. Fluctuations between minimum and maximum temperature and R.H % were more ($20.00{\sim}40.5^{\circ}C$ and $64.00{\sim}90.00%$) in season-3. Growth rate of microsporidian-infected silkworm is directly related to the prevailing temperature and relative humidity in silkworm. Silkworm can tolerate slight variation of temperature but slight variation of relative humidity disfavours the development of silkworm and favours the multiplication of pathogens.
( Satadal Chakrabarti ),( Buddhadeb Manna ) 한국잠사학회 2008 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.17 No.1
Infection of pathogenic microsporidia, Nosema bombycis and Nosema mylitta (Chakrabarti and Manna, 2006) decreased egg production, fecundity, hatching % and increased sterile eggs in heavily infected mulberry silkmoth, Bombyx mori L. On an average a disease free moth laid upto 442.67 eggs with high hatching % (99.53) and less sterile eggs (0.47~2.00%). While an infected moth laid less number of eggs (7.00~412.00) with low hatching % (32.437~98.643) and high sterile eggs (2.143~129.571). Fecundity of disease free laying was highest (468.714) during season-1 then gradually decreased during season-2 (414.000) to season-3 (404.285). But fecundity of an infected laying was highest during season-2 and hatched eggs were lowest during season-2. Higher inoculums concentration of N. mylitta infected to 5th stage larva of mulberry silkworm drastically decreased the fecundity in season -3 and lower inoculums concentration of N. bombycis decreased the fecundity in season-1 and 3. Season-3 was most effective season to decrease the fecundity and increase sterile eggs when both temperature and humidity were fluctuated from the optimum level.