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Carlos Walter Sobrado Júnior,Carlos de Almeida Obregon,Afonso Henrique da Silva e Sousa Júnior,Lucas Faraco Sobrado,Sérgio Carlos Nahas,Ivan Cecconello 대한대장항문학회 2020 Annals of Coloproctolgy Vol.36 No.4
Purpose: Present an updated classification for symptomatic hemorrhoids, which not only guides the treatment of internal hemorrhoids but also the treatment of external components. In addition, this new classification includes new treatment alternatives created over the last few years. Methods: Throughout the past 7 years, the authors developed a method to classify patients with symptomatic hemorrhoids. This study, besides presenting this classification proposal, also retrospectively analyzed 149 consecutive patients treated between March 2011 and November 2013 and aimed to evaluate the association between the management adopted with Goligher classification and our proposed BPRST classification. Results: Both classifications had a statistically significant association with the adopted management strategies. However, the BPRST classification tended to have fewer management discrepancies when each stage of disease was individually analyzed. Conclusion: Although there is much disagreement about how the classification of hemorrhoidal disease should be updated, it is accepted that some kind of revision is needed. The BPRST method showed a strong association with the management that should be adopted for each stage of the disease. Further studies are needed for its validation, but the current results are encouraging.
Causas e implicaciones del fin a la multipropiedad en el fútbol mexicano
Carlos Alfonso Macías Valadez Elias 한국외국어대학교 중남미연구소 2015 중남미연구 Vol.34 No.2
The soccer multi-ownership exists when the same person or company owns two or more football clubs at the same time in a professional league. This practice has been considered by FIFA, and conditioned according to its statutes, to protect the integrity of this sport, due to the fact that if two soccer teams are playing in the same competition and both of them are owned by the same individual, this could have an adverse effect on the truthfulness of the competition. Under this consideration, or even in spite of that, the soccer multi-ownership has existed in Mexico since 1982. Surprisingly, in May 2013, the Mexican Football Federation, after 31 years, announced the gradual abolition of this practice. The causes of this measure were not completely clarified, and presumably are not related to a FIFA’s direct command or pressure, but to an internal struggle of interests among the Mexican soccer team owners. Particularly, it is believed that Grupo Televisa and Grupo Salinas, which are the conglomerates that apparently are in control of the professional soccer in Mexico, are behind that decision taken by the Mexican Football Federation. Throughout this analysis, based on a professional academic methodology aimed to find objective causalities among the facts occurred around the issue, the causes of the ban of the soccer multi-ownership in Mexico shall be examined.
Antonio Carlos Soares Pantaleão,Marcio Pinto de Castro,Krishynan Shanty Fernandes Meirelles Araujo,Carlos Frederico Ferreira Campos,André Luiz Alves da Silva,José Eduardo Ferreira Manso,João Carlos Ma 대한초음파의학회 2022 ULTRASONOGRAPHY Vol.41 No.4
Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the ability of ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) to diagnose the initial stages of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in a rat model. Methods: Eighteen male Wistar rats were allocated to control or experimental groups. A high-fat diet (HFD) with 20% fructose and 2% cholesterol, resembling a common Western diet, was fed to animals in the experimental groups for up to 16 weeks; those in the control group received a regular diet. A 21 MHz UBM system was used to acquire B-mode images at specific times: baseline (T0), 10 weeks (T10), and 16 weeks (T16). The sonographic hepatorenal index (SHRI), based on the average ultrasound image gray-level intensities from the liver parenchyma and right renal cortex, was determined at T0, T10, and T16. The liver specimen histology was classified using the modified Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Clinical Research Network NAFLD activity scoring system. Results: The livers in the animals in the experimental groups progressed from sinusoidal congestion and moderate macro- and micro-vesicular steatosis to moderate steatosis and frequent hepatocyte ballooning. The SHRI obtained in the experimental group animals at T10 and T16 was significantly different from the SHRI of pooled control group. No significant difference existed between the SHRI in animals receiving HFD between T10 and T16.Conclusion: SHRI measurement using UBM may be a promising noninvasive tool to characterize early-stage NAFLD in rat models.
Investigating the negative tension stiffening effect of reinforced concrete
Carlos Zanuy 국제구조공학회 2010 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.34 No.2
The behaviour of a reinforced concrete tension member is governed by the contribution of concrete between cracks, tension stiffening effect. Under highly repeated loading, this contribution is progressively reduced and the member response approximates that given by the fully cracked member. When focusing on the unloaded state, experiments show deformations larger than those of the naked reinforcement. This has been referred to as negative tension stiffening and is due to the fact that concrete carries compressive stresses along the crack spacing, even thought the tie is subjected to an external tensile force. In this paper a cycle-dependent approach is presented to reproduce the behaviour of the axially loaded tension member, paying attention to the negative tension stiffening contribution. The interaction of cyclic bond degradation and time-dependent effects of concrete is investigated. Finally, some practical diagrams are given to account for the negative tension stiffening effect in reinforced concrete elements.
Connotación “homofóbica” errónea de FIFA a grito de afición futbolera mexicana
Carlos Alfonso Macias Valadez Elias 한국외국어대학교 중남미연구소 2017 중남미연구 Vol.36 No.4
Soccer is not only the national sport in Mexico, but also a social phenomenon due to its strong impact in Mexican society. Unquestionably, football has become part of the Mexican daily nature dividing the nation in its professional teams, but also unifying it in support of its national soccer representative. In this regard, Mexican fans have stood out for its enthusiasm and loyalty towards its national team. In recent times, during Mexican national soccer representative matches, a particular fans’ battle cry has emerged just at the rival’s goal kicks. This has been condemned by FIFA, which qualified it as “homophobic”. Within this context, it is thought that this international governing body of football has attributed an erroneous “homophobic” connotation to above-mentioned Mexican soccer fans’ battle cry. Throughout this research, this hypothesis shall be analyzed in depth based on statistical evidence obtained through an ad hoc survey.
La Crisis del Sector Agrícola Mexicano - Una Realidad Señalada, Ignorada y Ocultada
Carlos Alfonso Macías Valadez Elias 한국외국어대학교 중남미연구소 2009 중남미연구 Vol.28 No.1
Nowadays, unquestionably, the Mexican agricultural sector is going through an unprecedented crisis. The factors that define the abovementioned crisis are: a decrease in the agricultural production per capita; a gradual increase in the alimentary dependency; poverty in the agricultural sector; farmers’ emigration; abandonment of agricultural lands; and low productivity. In this regard, some experts in the field have argued that this crisis has reached alarming levels in the country. Likewise, Mexican farmers are going through difficult times due to the fact that they have difficulties making a decent living out of the cultivation of their lands. Concurrently, the Mexican authorities do not recognize the seriousness of the problem, which impedes their action in taking the necessary measures to overcome the situation. In this sense, while the mentioned crisis becomes an ignored reality for some, it is pointed out by others and even hidden by a few. In the meantime the crisis is expanding gradually and the infertile and abandoned Mexican agricultural sector demands a structural reform to survive. However, above all the first step to overcome this crisis will be to recognize it.
On the steel cost of circular flat-bottomed silos designed using the Eurocodes
Carlos Gonzalez-Montellano,Alvaro Ramirez,Eutiquio Gallego,Francisco Ayuga 국제구조공학회 2009 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.33 No.5
Nowadays, Eurocodes have become the reference standards for silo design within the European Union. They include new procedures for load assessment and structural verifications aiming to design safer silos. However, many silo manufacturers are still reluctant to use them (or at least all their prescriptions) because of the loss of competitiveness they are experiencing in comparison with former standards. This paper shows how steel cost of flat-bottomed circular silos varies when different silo geometries and stored materials are considered. The influence of critical structural verifications on steel costs, such as buckling of the silo wall, were also analyzed and some conclusions and practical recommendations for silo designers were proposed.
Carlos Alfonso Macias Valadez Elias 한국외국어대학교 중남미연구소 2009 중남미연구 Vol.27 No.2
For more than 2 decades, the American government has banned the entrance of the yellowfin tuna (thunnus albacares) and related products from several countries, particularly based on the dolphin protection argument. However, the tuna embargo imposed by the American authorities has been considered by some experts as a “protectionist measure” which was established not only to protect the above mentioned mammals, but also to protect their own tuna companies. Indeed, the most affected country by this measure has been Mexico, which has experienced a significant decline in its tuna industry and also sustained substantial economic losses due to this embargo. Nevertheless, the Mexican authorities and tuna companies from this country have tried to enter into the American market in spite of the barriers imposed by American authorities. This issue caused the so called “US-Mexico Tuna War” which has been the longest commercial conflict between these two countries. Through this article the following points will be analyzed: the origins and the development of the US-Mexico Tuna War, the impacts of the tuna embargo in the Mexican economy and the interests behind the tuna embargo.