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Design and Performance Analysis of Microstrip Patch Array Antennas with different configurations
A. De,C. K. Chosh,A. K Bhattacherjee 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Future Generation Communi Vol.9 No.3
This abstract demonstrates simple, low cost and high gain microstrip array antennas with suitable feeding technique and suitable dielectric substrate for applications in the GHz frequency range. The objective of this paper is to design, and fabricate a 16 element rectangular microstrip patch array antenna. Therefore, a novel particle swarm optimization method based on IE3D was used to design an inset feed linearly polarized rectangular microstrip patch antenna array with sixteen elements. .Initially we set our antenna as a single patch and after evaluating the outcomes of antenna features; operation frequency, radiation patterns, reflected loss, efficiency and antenna gain, we transformed it to a 2x1 array. Finally, we analyzed the 2×2 array, then 4×2 array and finally 4 × 4 array to increase directivity, gain, efficiency and have better radiation patterns. The simulation has been performed by Zeland software version 14.0 and the desired antenna provides a return loss of -42.154dB at 2.45 GHz by using RT Duroid dielectric substrate with Єr= 2.45 and height , h= 1.58mm. The gain of the antenna is found to be 19.455 dBi and the side lobe is maintained lower than the main lobe. Since the resonant frequency of these antenna is around 2- 4 GHz, so these are suitable for S – band applications and can be used in WLAN communication systems.
Cho, S.H.,Kim, K.T.,Choi, I.C.,Jeon, G.H.,Kim, D.S. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2012 Animal Bioscience Vol.25 No.2
Compensatory growth of grower olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) was determined at suboptimal temperature ($13.0{\pm}1.9^{\circ}C$). Fifteen fish averaging 201.1 g per tank were distributed into 18 of 300 L flow-through tanks. Six treatments were prepared in triplicate: fish were hand-fed with an extruded pellet to apparent satiation once a day for 16 weeks (16 WF); and the other five groups of fish were hand-fed for 15, 14, 13, 12 and 10 weeks after 1-, 2-, 3-, 4- and 6-week feed deprivation, referred to as 15 WF, 14 WF, 13 WF, 12 WF and 10 WF, respectively. A linear relationship between body weight of fish and feed deprivation was observed: Y (Body weight of fish) = -1.81X (Weeks of feed deprivation)+201.07, $R^2$ = 0.83. Weight gain of grower olive flounder in 15 WF, 14 WF, 13 WF and 12 WF treatments was comparable to that of fish in 16 WF treatment, but lower than that of fish in 10 WF treatment. Specific growth rate of fish in 15 WF treatment was higher than that of fish in 16 WF, 14 WF and 10 WF treatments. Feed consumption of fish was not affected by feeding regime. Feed and protein efficiency ratios of fish in 15 WF treatment were higher than those of fish in 13 WF, 12 WF and 10 WF treatments. Grower olive flounder could achieve full compensatory growth when fish were daily fed for 12 weeks after 4-week feed deprivation at suboptimal temperature.
Cho, S.H.,Park, S.Y.,Kim, C.,Choi, P.P.,Park, J.K. Elsevier 2014 Colloids and surfaces. A, Physicochemical and engi Vol.441 No.-
Monodispersed spherical silica nanoparticles synthesized by the Stober process contain large amounts of impurities and adsorbed- and structural water which cause structural and thermal instability of the microspheres. Proper heat treatment was applied to remove the impurities and water endowing the particles with high thermal and structural stability suitable for post-processes. Intrinsic changes of as-prepared silica particles during heat treatment at 550<SUP>o</SUP>C were thoroughly examined by TGA, FT-IR, SAXS, TEM and SEM characterization. The annealed silica particles became much more reliable building blocks for a self-assembled thin film, as evidenced by low crack/defect density in the fabricated film. In this paper, we provide a method of stabilizing silica particles and thereby aligning them into a close packed structure without macroscopic defects. This method is potentially useful for the delicate silica alignment for patterning and fabrication of high-quality photonic crystals adequate for optical switches, wave-guides, lasers and antireflective films for solar cells.
Age-related differences in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis
Cho, S.H.,Hong, S.J.,Han, B.,Lee, S.H.,Suh, L.,Norton, J.,Lin, D.,Conley, D.B.,Chandra, R.,Kern, R.C.,Tan, B.K.,Kato, A.,Peters, A.,Grammer, L.C.,Schleimer, R.P. Mosby 2012 The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology Vol.129 No.3
Although chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) significantly affects the quality of life of elderly people, the inflammatory mechanisms of chronic rhinosinusitis in the elderly have not been well studied. This study demonstrates that despite the higher severity of CRS observed in elderly patients, they had lower eosinophilic cationic protein compared to non-elderly CRS patients. In addition, S100A8/9 was significantly decreased in CRS with aging process, suggesting that epithelial barrier dysfunction may continue to play an important role in the pathogenesis of CRS while eosinophilic inflammation may subside with age.
Cho, S.H.,Jeong, M.H.,Park, I.H.,Choi, J.S.,Yoon, H.J.,Kim, K.H.,Hong, Y.J.,Park, H.W.,Kim, J.H.,Ahn, Y.,Cho, J.G.,Park, J.C.,Kang, J.C. Japanese College of Cardiology 2009 Journal of cardiology Vol.54 No.2
Background: Endothelial dysfunction and vascular inflammation may be associated with variant angina (VA). Flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD), carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT), and pulse wave velocity (PWV) are widely used as non-invasive modalities for evaluating atherosclerosis. Methods and results: A total of 254 patients with chest pain were divided into three groups according to coronary angiogram (CAG) finding. There were 76 patients (VA group: 53.5+/-10.2 years, 41 males) with normal CAG with positive ergonovine-provocation test (EPT), 58 patients (control group: 55.3+/-8.7 years, 30 males) with normal CAG with negative EPT, and 120 patients with angiographically diagnosed coronary artery disease (CAD group: 56.3+/-9.7 years, 79 males). The level of FMD was lower in the VA group than in the control group (7.7+/-3.5% vs. 9.4+/-3.8%, p=0.014). Carotid IMT was higher in the VA group than in the control group (0.58+/-0.1mm vs. 0.54+/-0.1mm, p=0.029). The brachial-ankle PWV (baPWV) was higher in the VA group than in the control group (1445.3+/-211.8cm/s vs. 1396.7+/-394.5cm/s, p=0.020). The levels of monocyte cell counts was higher in patients of the VA group than in the other two groups (7545.7+/-2611.1/mm<SUP>3</SUP> vs. 6548.2+/-2156.4/mm<SUP>3</SUP> vs. 6740.9+/-1730.4/mm<SUP>3</SUP>, p=0.015, respectively; monocyte cell counts: 657.2+/-242.6/mm<SUP>3</SUP> vs. 442.5+/-219.3/mm<SUP>3</SUP> vs. 490.0+/-172.0/mm<SUP>3</SUP>, p=0.025). Conclusion: VA is associated with endothelial dysfunction and increased carotid IMT, baPWV, and inflammatory markers.
Digital error correction technique for binary decision successive approximation ADCs
Cho, S.-H.,Lee, C.-K.,Sung, B.R.S.,Ryu, S.-T. IET 2009 Electronics letters Vol.45 No.8
<P>A digital error correction technique with negligible hardware overhead is proposed for binary successive approximation ADCs. A redundant decision phase is inserted between the normal SAR operations, and the coarse decision error caused by incomplete DAC settling is corrected by a digital code addition. The relaxed DAC settling requirement for coarse decision increases the conversion speed.</P>