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The problem of the diagnostics of cognitive abilities(in Germany)
Bundschuh, Konrad 국립특수교육원 2001 국제세미나 자료집 Vol.- No.8
After World War II, that is after 1945 not only was Germany in a state of upheaval but also the whole field of pedagogical diagnostics in the country. The new beginning was supported in particular by the USA with a re-education programme campaign.
Bundschuh, Konrad 국립특수교육원 2001 국제세미나 자료집 Vol.- No.8
위에서 언급한 것 외에 인지능력의 평가를 위한 평가도구들은 다양한 시각에서 많이 개발되었다. 그러나 사회적, 감성적, 예술적 측면을 충분히 고려한 평가도구들이 아직까지 개발되지 않고 있다는 것이 아쉬운 점이다. 바로 이것이 앞으로 해결해 나가야 할 과제이다. 일방적이고 편협한 판단기준으로 아동의 인지능력을 평가하여 어떤 번주로 규정해 버린다면, 그 아동의 잠재능력까지 선입견의 그늘에 가려 결국 사장될 것이다. 얼마나 부족한가를 진단하기 보다는 무엇을 더 잘할 수 있는가를 평가하여 그 부분을 개발시켜 줄 수 있는 진단평가가 진정 우리가 추구해야 할 교육의 길이라 생각한다. 다시 강조하고 싶다. 아동의 가능성을 교육의 출발점으로 삼자고.
Interaction of arsenic with biochar in soil and water: A critical review
Vithanage, Meththika,Herath, Indika,Joseph, Stephen,Bundschuh, Jochen,Bolan, Nanthi,Ok, Yong Sik,Kirkham, M.B.,Rinklebe, Jö,rg Elsevier 2017 Carbon Vol.113 No.-
<P>Biochar exhibits a great potential to act as a universally applicable material for water and soil remediation due to extensive availability of feedstocks and favorable physio-chemical surface characteristics; nevertheless, studies related to its application on the remediation of toxic metalloids are relatively rare. Hence, this review highlights biochar production technologies, biochar properties, and recent advances in the removal and immobilization of a major metalloid contaminant, As in water and soil. It also covers surface modification of biochars to enhance As removal and microbial properties in biochar amended soil. Experimental studies related to the adsorption behaviors of biochar and the underlying mechanisms proposed to explain them have been comprehensively reviewed. Compared to the number of research publications in SCOPUS database on 'Biochar+Water' (approximate to 1290 - Scopus), the attention drawn to examine the behavior of biochar on the remediation of As is limited (approximate to 85 - Scopus). Because of the toxicity of As, the subject urgently needs more consideration. In addition to covering the topics listed above, this review identifies research gaps in the use of biochar as an adsorbent for As, and proposes potential areas for future application of biochars. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</P>
Arsenic in cooked rice foods: Assessing health risks and mitigation options
Kumarathilaka, Prasanna,Seneweera, Saman,Ok, Yong Sik,Meharg, Andrew,Bundschuh, Jochen Pergamon 2019 Environment international Vol.127 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Human exposure to arsenic (As) through the consumption of rice (<I>Oryza sativa</I> L.) is a worldwide health concern. In this paper, we evaluated the major causes for high inorganic As levels in cooked rice foods, and the potential of post-harvesting and cooking options for decreasing inorganic As content in cooked rice, focusing particularly on As endemic areas. The key factors for high As concentration in cooked rice in As endemic areas are: (1) rice cultivation on As-contaminated paddy soils; (2) use of raw rice grains which exceed 200 μg kg<SUP>−1</SUP> of inorganic As to cook rice; and (3) use of As-contaminated water for cooking rice. In vitro and in vivo methods can provide useful information regarding the bioaccessibility of As in the gastrointestinal tract. Urinary levels of As can also be used as a valid measure of As exposure in humans. Polishing of raw rice grains has been found to be a method to decrease total As content in cooked rice. Sequential washing of raw rice grains and use of an excess volume of water for cooking also decrease As content in cooked rice. The major concern with those methods (i.e. polishing of raw rice, sequential washing of raw rice, and use of excess volume of water for cooking rice) is the decreased nutrient content in the cooked rice. Cooking rice in percolating water has recently gained significant attention as a way to decrease As content in cooked rice. Introducing and promoting rainwater harvesting systems in As endemic areas may be a sustainable way of reducing the use of As-contaminated water for cooking purposes. In conclusion, post-harvesting methods and changes in cooking practices could reduce As content in cooked rice to a greater extent. Research gaps and directions for future studies in relation to different post-harvesting and cooking practices, and rainwater harvesting systems are also discussed in this review.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> As-containing water and raw rice lead to increased As levels in cooked rice grains </LI> <LI> Rice cooking in percolating water can significantly reduce inorganic As content </LI> <LI> Use of rainwater is a sustainable way of reducing As levels in cooked rice </LI> <LI> Loss of nutrients from cooked rice under different techniques needs to be minimized </LI> <LI> In vivo methods revealed >85% of inorganic As is absorbed by gastrointestinal tract </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Muts Homolog Sliding Clamps Shield the DNA from Binding Proteins
Hanne, Jeungphill,Britton, Brooke M.,Park, Jonghyun,Liu, Jiaquan,Martin-Lopez, Juana,Jones, Nathan,Schoffner, Matthew,Klajner, Piotr,Bundschuh, Ralf,Lee, Jong-Bong,Fishel, Richard Published for the Biophysical Society by the Rocke 2019 Biophysical journal Vol.116 No.3
MutS homolog sliding clamps shield the DNA from binding proteins
Hanne, Jeungphill,Britton, Brooke M.,Park, Jonghyun,Liu, Jiaquan,Martí,n-Lí,ó,pez, Juana,Jones, Nathan,Schoffner, Matthew,Klajner, Piotr,Bundschuh, Ralf,Lee, Jong-Bong,Fishel, Richar American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Bi 2018 The Journal of biological chemistry Vol.293 No.37
<P>Sliding clamps on DNA consist of evolutionarily conserved enzymes that coordinate DNA replication, repair, and the cellular DNA damage response. MutS homolog (MSH) proteins initiate mismatch repair (MMR) by recognizing mispaired nucleotides and in the presence of ATP form stable sliding clamps that randomly diffuse along the DNA. The MSH sliding clamps subsequently load MutL homolog (MLH/PMS) proteins that form a second extremely stable sliding clamp, which together coordinate downstream MMR components with the excision-initiation site that may be hundreds to thousands of nucleotides distant from the mismatch. Specific or nonspecific binding of other proteins to the DNA between the mismatch and the distant excision-initiation site could conceivably obstruct the free diffusion of these MMR sliding clamps, inhibiting their ability to initiate repair. Here, we employed bulk biochemical analysis, single-molecule fluorescence imaging, and mathematical modeling to determine how sliding clamps might overcome such hindrances along the DNA. Using both bacterial and human MSH proteins, we found that increasing the number of MSH sliding clamps on a DNA decreased the association of the Escherichia coli transcriptional repressor LacI to its cognate promoter LacO. Our results suggest a simple mechanism whereby thermal diffusion of MSH sliding clamps along the DNA alters the association kinetics of other DNA-binding proteins over extended distances. These observations appear generally applicable to any stable sliding clamp that forms on DNA.</P>