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Determining spin through quantum azimuthal-angle correlations
Buckley, Matthew R.,Choi, Seong Youl,Mawatari, Kentarou,Murayama, Hitoshi Elsevier 2009 Physics letters: B Vol.672 No.3
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Determining the spin of new particles is critical in identifying the true theory among various extensions of the Standard Model at the next generation of colliders. Quantum interference between different helicity amplitudes was shown to be effective when the final state is fully reconstructible. However, many interesting new physics processes allow only for partial reconstruction. In this Letter, we show how the interference effect can be unambiguously extracted even in processes that have two-fold ambiguity, by considering the correlation between two decay planes in <SUP>e+</SUP><SUP>e−</SUP> collisions.</P>
Smiting Spell: The Legality of Targeted Killings in the War against Terrorism
Ahmed Buckley (사) 이준국제법연구원 2012 Journal of East Asia and International Law Vol.5 No.2
Resorting to targeted killings as a measure of counterterrorism spawned a debate ontheir legality under both international human rights law and humanitarian law. Thisarticle attempts to justify the measure under the current body of internationalhumanitarian law. It also claims that discrete acts of targeted killings may be legalprovided the existence of specific circumstances and conditions. These conditions,however, make it extremely difficult for a State to legally pursue ‘a policy’of targetedkillings against alleged terrorists, unless they are considered‘ legal combatants.’Thearticle criticizes the practice of labelling terrorists as ‘unlawful combatants’unworthy of protections afforded by both international human rights law andinternational humanitarian law, and argues the lack of compelling legal argumentsthat would prevent terrorists from being considered as lawful combatants in anarmed conflict. Light is also shed on the United States’recent expansion of the droneprogram in a way that might indicate a gradual acceptance of the terrorist-ascombatant theory.
STRATEGIC ENTREPRENEURIALISM IN ANALYSIS: GLOBAL PROBLEMS IN RESEARCH
Shawn M Carraher,M Ronald Buckley,Joseph A Cote People&Global Business Association 2000 Global Business and Finance Review Vol.5 No.2
A decade ago, a series of published articles debated the amount of method variance in organizational measures from all over' the world (Bagozzi and Yi, 1990; Spector, 1987; Williams, Cote, and Buckley, 1989). Interestingly, while all three studies analyzed the same data sets, they reached different conclusions concerning the presence of method variance. Spector (1987) reported that method effects were relatively minor, Bagozzi and Yi (1990) found them to be of moderate importance, and Williams et al. (1989) found method effects to be quite pervasive. Up to this time, no one has offered reasonable explanations as to why these results were found. While some of the differences in results may be due to the use of different analytic methods; even the use of the same technique (Confirmatory Factor Analysis - CFA) resulted in different conclusions. The differences found by these researchers (Bagozzi and Yi, 1990; Williams et al., 1989) are likely due to the multiple solutions problem caused by factor indeterminacy which is common with factor analytic techniques which is likely to exist with domestic and international data (Cattell and Gorsuch, 1963; Gorsuch, 1974; 1983; Rozeboom, 1992). A series of simulations were performed which indicate that there are, in fact, many reasonable solutions which can be fit to MTMM data using CFA and that therefore it appears that the multiple solutions problem is also significant for CFA as it is for other factor analytic methods. Some possible remedies for the problem of fitting MTMM models are proposed. We suggest that researchers need to be adaptable in the analytic methods which they employ and the topics that they explore (entrepreneurial researchers) and to carefully examine their data so that the research questions match the capabilities of the techniques utilized.
Hur, Jingyung,Choi, Eunseok,Buckley, Kenneth J.,Lee, Sukchan,Davis, Keith R. Korean Society for Molecular Biology 2008 Molecules and cells Vol.26 No.2
Expression of the seven open reading frames (ORFs) of single-stranded DNA Curtoviruses such as Beet curly top virus (BCTV) and Beet severe curly top virus (BSCTV) is driven by a bi-directional promoter. To investigate this bi-directional promoter activity with respect to viral late gene expression, transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing a GUS reporter gene under the control of either the BCTV or BSCTV bi-directional promoter were constructed. Transgenic plants harboring constructs showed higher expression levels when the promoter of the less virulent BCTV was used than when the promoter of the more virulent BSCTV was used. In transgenic seedlings, the reporter gene constructs were expressed primarily in actively dividing tissues such as root tips and apical meristems. As the transgenic plants matured, reporter gene expression diminished but viral infection of mature transgenic plants restored reporter gene expression, particularly in transgenic plants containing BCTV virion-sense gene promoter constructs. A 30 base pair conserved late element (CLE) motif was identified that was present three times in tandem in the BCTV promoter and once in that of BSCTV. Progressive deletion of these repeats from the BCTV promoter resulted in decreased reporter gene expression, but BSCTV promoters in which one or two extra copies of this motif were inserted did not exhibit increased late gene promoter activity. These results demonstrate that Curtovirus late gene expression by virion-sense promoters depends on the developmental stage of the host plant as well as on the number of CLE motifs present in the promoter.