Breast animation deformity

Dyrberg, Diana Lydia,Bille, Camilla,Gunnarsson, Gudjon Leifur,Frandsen, Tove Faber,Salzberg, C. Andrew,Sorensen, Jens Ahm,Thomsen, Jorn Bo Korean Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surge 2019 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.46 No.1

Breast animation deformity (BAD) has been reported to occur after submuscular implant placement following breast augmentation and immediate breast reconstruction. Despite its apparent impact on patients' quality of life, BAD has only recently become a topic of general concern. Its incidence and etiology have yet to be established. The aim of this systematic review was to identify papers that clearly defined and classified BAD and described how the degree of animation was assessed. We performed a search in PubMed and Embase. Studies meeting the inclusion criteria that described BAD after implant-based breast augmentation or immediate breast reconstruction were included. After screening 866 publications, four studies were included: three describing BAD after breast augmentation and one describing BAD after immediate breast reconstruction. The median percentage of patients with some degree of BAD was 58%. The highest percentages were found in patients operated on using the Regnault technique or the dual-plane technique (73%-78%). The lowest percentages were found following the dual-plane muscle-splitting technique (30%) and the triple-plane technique (33%). We found no studies meeting the inclusion criteria that analyzed BAD after prepectoral implant placement. This review of the current literature suggests that the degree of BAD is proportional to the degree of muscle involvement. Evidence is scarce, and the phenomenon seems to be underreported. Future comparative studies are warranted.

Evaluation of Breast Animation Deformity following Pre- and Subpectoral Direct-to- Implant Breast Reconstruction: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Diana L. Dyrberg,Camilla Bille,Vibeke Koudahl,Oke Gerke,Jens A. Sørensen,Jørn B. Thomsen 대한성형외과학회 2022 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.49 No.5

Background The incidence of breast animation deformity (BAD) is reported to be substantial after direct-to-implant breast reconstruction with subpectoral implant placement. It has, however, never been examined if BAD can occur following prepectoral implant placement. Our primary aim was to compare the incidence and degree of BAD after direct-to-implant breast reconstruction using either subpectoral or prepectoral implant placement. Secondary aim of this study was to assess and compare the level of pain between sub- and prepectoral reconstructed women. Methods In this randomized controlled trial, patients were allocated to reconstruction by either subpectoral or prepectoral implant placement in accordance with the CONSORT guidelines. The degree of BAD was assessed by the “Nipple, Surrounding skin, Entire breast (NSE)” grading scale 12 months after surgery. The level of postoperative pain was assessed on a numerical pain rating scale. Results We found a significant difference in the degree of BAD favoring patients in the prepectoral group (23.8 vs. 100%, p<0.0001; mean NSE grading scale score: 0.4 vs. 3.6, p<0.0001). The subpectoral reconstructed group reported higher levels of pain on the three subsequent days after surgery. No significant difference in pain levels could be found at 3 months postoperatively. Conclusion The incidence and degree of BAD was significantly lower in women reconstructed by prepectoral direct-to-implant breast reconstruction. Unexpectedly, we found mild degrees of BAD in the prepectoral group. When assessing BAD, distortion can be challenging to discern from rippling.

Breast animation deformity

Diana Lydia Dyrberg,Camilla Bille,Gudjon Leifur Gunnarsson,Tove Faber Frandsen,C. Andrew Salzberg,Jens Ahm Sørensen,Jørn Bo Thomsen 대한성형외과학회 2019 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.46 No.1

Breast animation deformity (BAD) has been reported to occur after submuscular implant placement following breast augmentation and immediate breast reconstruction. Despite its apparent impact on patients’ quality of life, BAD has only recently become a topic of general concern. Its incidence and etiology have yet to be established. The aim of this systematic review was to identify papers that clearly defined and classified BAD and described how the degree of animation was assessed. We performed a search in PubMed and Embase. Studies meeting the inclusion criteria that described BAD after implant-based breast augmentation or immediate breast reconstruction were included. After screening 866 publications, four studies were included: three describing BAD after breast augmentation and one describing BAD after immediate breast reconstruction. The median percentage of patients with some degree of BAD was 58%. The highest percentages were found in patients operated on using the Regnault technique or the dual-plane technique (73%–78%). The lowest percentages were found following the dual-plane muscle-splitting technique (30%) and the triple-plane technique (33%). We found no studies meeting the inclusion criteria that analyzed BAD after prepectoral implant placement. This review of the current literature suggests that the degree of BAD is proportional to the degree of muscle involvement. Evidence is scarce, and the phenomenon seems to be underreported. Future comparative studies are warranted.

A simple clinical assessment of breast animation deformity following direct-to-implant breast reconstruction

Dyrberg, Diana Lydia,Gunnarsson, Gudjon Leifur,Bille, Camilla,Sorensen, Jens Ahm,Thomsen, Jorn Bo Korean Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surge 2019 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.46 No.6

Background A high incidence of breast animation deformity (BAD) has been reported following immediate breast reconstruction with subpectorally placed implants. The aim of this study was to assess and compare the incidence of BAD in women who underwent either subpectoral or prepectoral immediate breast reconstruction. Therefore, we developed a grading tool and tested its reproducibility in a clinical setting. Methods Video recordings of 37 women who had undergone unilateral or bilateral immediate breast reconstruction were evaluated by two consultant plastic surgeons. The degree of BAD was assessed by our grading tool, named the Nipple, Surrounding Skin, Entire Breast (NSE) grading scale, which evaluates the degree of tissue distortion in three areas of the breast. Blinded assessments were performed twice by each observer. Results Eighteen patients were reconstructed with subpectoral implant placement and 19 with prepectoral implant placement. Using the NSE grading scale, we found a significant difference in the degree of BAD between the groups, in favor of patients who underwent prepectoral immediate breast reconstruction (0.2 vs. 4, P=0.000). Inter- and intraobserver agreement was moderate (74%) to strong (88%). Conclusions The incidence and severity of BAD was significantly lower in women reconstructed with a prepectorally placed implant than in those who underwent subpectoral immediate breast reconstruction. All patients reconstructed using the subpectoral technique had some degree of BAD. The inter- and intraobserver agreements were high when using the NSE grading scale, suggesting it is an easy-to-use, reproducible scale for assessing BAD in women who undergo immediate breast reconstruction.

A simple clinical assessment of breast animation deformity following direct-to-implant breast reconstruction

Diana Lydia Dyrberg,Gudjon Leifur Gunnarsson,Camilla Bille,Jens Ahm Sørensen,Jørn Bo Thomsen 대한성형외과학회 2019 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.46 No.6

Background A high incidence of breast animation deformity (BAD) has been reported followingimmediate breast reconstruction with subpectorally placed implants. The aim of thisstudy was to assess and compare the incidence of BAD in women who underwent either subpectoralor prepectoral immediate breast reconstruction. Therefore, we developed a gradingtool and tested its reproducibility in a clinical setting. Methods Video recordings of 37 women who had undergone unilateral or bilateral immediatebreast reconstruction were evaluated by two consultant plastic surgeons. The degree ofBAD was assessed by our grading tool, named the Nipple, Surrounding Skin, Entire Breast(NSE) grading scale, which evaluates the degree of tissue distortion in three areas of thebreast. Blinded assessments were performed twice by each observer. Results Eighteen patients were reconstructed with subpectoral implant placement and 19with prepectoral implant placement. Using the NSE grading scale, we found a significant differencein the degree of BAD between the groups, in favor of patients who underwent prepectoralimmediate breast reconstruction (0.2 vs. 4, P=0.000). Inter- and intraobserver agreementwas moderate (74%) to strong (88%). Conclusions The incidence and severity of BAD was significantly lower in women reconstructedwith a prepectorally placed implant than in those who underwent subpectoral immediatebreast reconstruction. All patients reconstructed using the subpectoral techniquehad some degree of BAD. The inter- and intraobserver agreements were high when using theNSE grading scale, suggesting it is an easy-to-use, reproducible scale for assessing BAD inwomen who undergo immediate breast reconstruction.

Introduction to "Cartographic Anxieties"

Billé, Franck 고려대학교 민족문화연구원 2016 Cross-Currents Vol.- No.21

While the term “cartographic anxieties” is metaphorically loaded, it has remained under-theorized and is used to refer to very different situations. A state can experience anxiety when it is subject to the “cartographic aggression” (de Blij 2012) of another. Anxiety can also be found in the gap between state representations and the imaginaries held by the citizens of that state, or between a dominant majority and an ethnic, religious, or political minority (Cons 2016). Further, it can have different temporal resonances in that the gap can index the nostalgic mourning for past territorial grandeur (Callahan 2010; Cartier 2013), evoke a programmatic future (Fortna 2002), or offer poetic and corporealized visions of the nation-state (Ramaswamy 2010). The five articles in this special issue explore various political and cultural reverberations of cartography, as well as the complex set of discursive practices in which it is embedded. The discussion framing these papers began as a panel at the 2016 American Association of Geographers’ annual meeting, which included four of the authors featured here (Akin, Billé, Roszko, and Saxer). The contributions focus on China and its neighbors from the perspective of different disciplines: anthropology (Billé, Roszko, Saxer), history (Akin), and history of art (Tsultemin). In addition to bringing a cohesive and coherent focus to the special issue, this geographic convergence is timely given China’s recent economic and political trajectory. In tracing and analyzing the cartographic tremors of a geopolitical formation in flux, the different articles offer an outline of the mechanics of “cartographic anxiety” and together contribute to a better understanding of the affective power of mapping.

A Soundtrack to Mongolian History

Franck Billé 고려대학교 민족문화연구원 2016 Cross-Currents Vol.- No.19

On China's Cartographic Embrace: A View from Its Northern Rim

Franck Billé 고려대학교 민족문화연구원 2016 Cross-Currents Vol.- No.21

Although relations between China and Mongolia are good, with no outstanding territorial disputes, Mongolia continues to view its southern neighbor with considerable anxiety. Numerous paranoid narratives circulate, hinting at China’s alleged malevolent intentions, and many Mongols are convinced that China is intent on a takeover. This article argues that this anxiety is located in two particular cartographic gaps. The first is the misalignment between People’s Republic of China (PRC) and Republic of China (ROC) maps, namely the fact that Taiwanese maps include Mongolia within the boundaries of China. For the majority of Mongolian viewers who do not read Chinese, this constitutes a clear case of cartographic aggression. The second gap is found in cultural-historical maps of China that portray large swaths of northern Asia as regions formerly inhabited by Chinese. While neither map constitutes a political claim, the Chinese cultural imaginary each portrays posits Mongolia as “not quite foreign.” Rather than “cartographic aggression,” the term “cartographic embrace” may be a better designation here. Even if Chinese cartographic practices do not index intent, for countries like Mongolia—whose political existence is founded on separation from China—cultural “embrace” can be even more threatening.

금속 제조 분야에 도래한 휴대용 레이저 용접의 시대

Bill Kallgren(Bill Kallgren ),John Bickley(John Bickley ),Laura Garcia(Laura Garcia ) 한국레이저가공학회 2023 Laser Solutions Vol.26 No.1

CANARIE National Test Network

Bill St. Arnaud 한국통신학회 1996 한국통신학회 기타 간행물 Vol.- No.-