Nutrient Enabled National Agricultural Pesticide Risk Analysis (NAPRA) WWW Decision Support System for Agricultural Best Management Practices

임경재,버나드 엥겔,김기성,최중대 江原大學校 附設 環境硏究所 2003 環境硏究 Vol.20 No.-

National Agricultural Pesticide Risk Analysis (NAPRA) World Wide Web (WWW) 시스템(http;l//danpatch.ecn.purdue.edu/∼napra)은 다양한 영농방법에 따른 농약과 영양물질의 지표수/지하수 유실량을 웹에서 모?하고자 개발되었다. 단일 토양에 대해서 모의할 수 있는 Single Field 버전의 많은 기능이 개선되었고, 행정구역/수계 경계에 대해서 모의할 수 있는 County/Watershed 버전을 확장시켜, Web Geographic Information Systems (GIS) 버전의 NAPRA 시스템을 개발하였다. Web GIS 틀을 이용하면, 모의하고자 하는 지역을 마우스로 디지타이징 한 후 그 지역에대해서 영농방법에 따른 영향을 모의할 수 있다. 모의결과를 웹브라우저를 통해서 지도로 보여줄 뿐만 아니라, 그 결과를 데스크탑용 CIS에서 사용할 수 있는 포맷으로 제공한다. 모델을 운영하기 위하여 방대한 양의 입력자료가 필요하고, 일반 사용자가 준비하기 힘든 데이터들이 있는데, NAPRA WWW 시스템은 이러한 입력자료를 서버측 GIS, 데이타 베이스, 강우 및 온도 모델 예측치에서 추출하여 모델을 운영한다. 또한 모의결과를 방대한 양의 텍스트 파일이 아닌, 차트나, 테입블, 또는 지도형태로 보여주기 때문에, 농부와 같이 전문지식이 없는 사람이 이 시스템을 이용하여 여러가지 영농 방법 중에서 환경 친화적이면서 경제성을 유지 할수 있는 최적관리기법을 찾아낼 수 있다.

L-THIA/NPS to Assess the Impacts of Urbanization on Estimated Runoff and NPS Pollution

임경재,비니드엥겔,김영석,최증대,김기성 江原大學校 附設 環境硏究所 2003 環境硏究 Vol.20 No.-

The land use changes from non-urban areas to urban areas lead to the increased impervious areas, consequently increased direct runoff and higher peak runoff. Urban areas have also been recognized as significant sources of Nonpoint Source (NPS) pollution, while agricultural activities have been known as the primary sources of NPS pollution. Many features of the L-THIA/NPS GIS, L-THIA/NPS WWW system have been enhanced to provide easy-to-use system. The L-THIA model was applied to the Little Eagle Creek (LEC) watershed in Indiana to evaluate the accuracy of the model. The L-THIA/NPS GIS estimated yearly direct runoff values match the direct runoff separated from U.S. Geological Survey stream flow data reasonably. The R2 and Nash-Sutcliffe values are 0.67 and 0.60, respectively. The L-THIA estimated runoff volume and total nitrogen loading for each land use classification in the LEC watershed were computed. The estimated runoff volume and total nitrogen loading in the LEC watershed increased by 180% and 270% for the 20 years. Urbanized areas - "Commercial", "High Density Residential", and "Low Density Residential" of the LEC watershed made up around 68% of the 1991 total land areas, however contributed more than 92% of average annual runoff and 86% of total nitrogen loading. Therefore, it is essential to consider the impacts of land use change on hydrology and water quality in land use planning of urbanizing watershed.

Nutrient Enabled National Agricultural Pesticide Risk Analysis (NAPRA)WWW Decision Support System for Agricultural Best Management Practices

Lim Kyoung-Jae(임경재),Engel Bernard A.,Kim Ki-Sung(김기성),Choi Joong-Dae(최중대) 강원대학교 환경연구소 2003 環境硏究 Vol.20 No.-

Hydrological Impect Evaluation Web-Based DSS for Local Community

최진용,Choi, Jin-Yong,Engel Bernard A. Korean Society of Rural Planning 2002 농촌계획 Vol.8 No.2

의사결장지원시스템은 다양한 분야에 적용되어 왔으며, 그 중 수자원 및 수질 관련 분야에도 다각적으로 적용되어 왔다. 본 연구에서는 미 농무성의 자연자원보전국(NRCS, Natural Resources Conservation Service)에서 개발한 유출곡선법(Curve Number Method)과 EMC(Event Mean Concentration)을 사용한 L-THIA(Long-Term Hydrologic Impact Assessment) 수문/수질 모형을 강우자료 데이터베이스, 웹기반 지리정보시스템, 웹 사용자 편의 시스템과 통합한 수문/수질 L-THIA web 의사결정지원시스템을 개발하였다. L-THIA web은 도시계획가나 지방자치단체, 또는 지방의 공동체가 사용할 수 있도록 쉽고 단순한 사용자 편의 시스템을 제공하고 있으며, 미국의 50개 본토의 주와 카운티(County) 이름으로 기상자료와 수문토양분류(Hydrologic Soil Group)을 인터넷 지리정보시스템을 이용하여 제공하고 있다. 본 연구는 지방자치단체 및 지역공동체의 실무자를 사용자로 수문/수질 평가 및 관리를 위한 시스템으로 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

지역공동체를 위한 수문/수질 평가 의사결정지원시스템

Jin-Yong Choi,Bernard A. Engel 한국농촌계획학회 2002 농촌계획 Vol.8 No.2

의사결장지원시스템은 다양한 분야에 적용되어 왔으며, 그 중 수자원 및 수질 관련 분야에도 다각적으로 적용되어 왔다. 본 연구에서는 미 농무성의 자연자원보전국(NRCS, Natural Resources Conservation Service)에서 개발한 유출곡선법(Curve Number Method)과 EMC(Event Mean Concentration)을 사용한 L-THIA(Long-Term Hydrologic Impact Assessment) 수문/수질 모형을 강우자료 데이터베이스, 웹기반 지리정보시스템, 웹 사용자 편의 시스템과 통합한 수문/수질 L-THIA web 의사결정지원시스템을 개발하였다. L-THIA web은 도시계획가나 지방자치단체, 또는 지방의 공동체가 사용할 수 있도록 쉽고 단순한 사용자 편의 시스템을 제공하고 있으며, 미국의 50개 본토의 주와 카운티(County) 이름으로 기상자료와 수문토양분류(Hydrologic Soil Group)을 인터넷 지리정보시스템을 이용하여 제공하고 있다. 본 연구는 지방자치단체 및 지역공동체의 실무자를 사용자로 수문/수질 평가 및 관리를 위한 시스템으로 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

지역공동체를 위한 수문 / 수질 평가 의사결정지원시스템

최진용(Jin Yong Choi),(Bernard A. Engel) 한국농촌계획학회 2002 농촌계획 Vol.8 No.2

N/A

Simulation of Effects of Swine Manure Application Rates on Nitrate Concentration in Runoff, Indiana, USA

Lim, Kyoung-Jae,Engel, Bernard A.,Jeon, Ji-Hong,Jones, Don,Sutton, Alan L.,Ok, Yang-Sik,Kim, Ki-Sung,Choi, Joong-Dae The Korean Society of Environmental Agriculture 2009 한국환경농학회지 Vol.28 No.1

Livestock manure is an important source of nutrients for crop production. However, farmers typically do not know the exact nutrient values for livestock manure. In many instances, manure has been viewed as a waste, and as a result it is applied close to the source resulting in over application of nutrients. Thus, the goal of nutrient application has often been applied to reduce the application expense rather than to maximize crop income. This results in wasted money and potentially negative impacts on water quality. Several livestock manure management scenarios were created based on agronomic nutrient requirements using the Utilization of Animal Manure as a Plant Nutrient (AMANURE) software to investigate water quality impacts with the National Agricultural Pesticide Risk Analysis (NAPRA) WWW modeling system. Application of manure at agronomic rates can result in high nitrate-nitrogen losses for some soil types, especially when applied in late fall. The application of manure at an agronomic rate does not necessarily equate to adequate water quality protection, and farmers must take care applying manure at agronomic rates, because nitrate-nitrogen loss potential varies spatially and temporarily. Nutrient loss probability maps for Indiana at 5%, 10%, 25%, and 50% values were created to demonstrate potential water quality impacts when livestock manure is applied to cropland at agronomic rates. The NAPRA WWW system coupled with AMANURE can be used to identify site-specific livestock manure management plans that are environmentally sound and agronomically appropriate.

Simulation of Effects of Swine Manure Application Rates on Nitrate Concentration in Runoff, Indiana, USA

( Kyoung Jae Lim ),( Bernard A. Engel ),( Ji Hong Jeon ),( Don Jones ),( Alan L. Sutton ),( Yong Sik Ok ),( Ki Sung Kim ),( Joong Dae Choi ) 한국환경농학회 2009 한국환경농학회지 Vol.28 No.1

Livestock manure is an important source of nutrients for crop production. However, farmers typically do not know the exact nutrient values for livestock manure. In many instances, manure has been viewed as a waste, and as a result it is applied close to the source resulting in over application of nutrients. Thus, the goal of nutrient application has often been applied to reduce the application expense rather than to maximize crop income. This results in wasted money and potentially negative impacts on water quality. Several livestock manure management scenarios were created based on agronomic nutrient requirements using the Utilization of Animal Manure as a Plant Nutrient (AMANURE) software to investigate water quality impacts with the National Agricultural Pesticide Risk Analysis (NAPRA) WWW modeling system. Application of manure at agronomic rates can result in high nitrate-nitrogen losses for some soil types, especially when applied in late fall. The application of manure at an agronomic rate does not necessarily equate to adequate water quality protection, and farmers must take care applying manure at agronomic rates, because nitrate-nitrogen loss potential varies spatially and temporarily. Nutrient loss probability maps for Indiana at 5%, 10%, 25%, and 50% values were created to demonstrate potential water quality impacts when livestock manure is applied to cropland at agronomic rates. The NAPRA WWW system coupled with AMANURE can be used to identify site-specific livestock manure management plans that are environmentally sound and agronomically appropriate.

웹 기반의 툴을 이용한 L-THIA 모델의 자동 캘리브레이션

임경재 ( Lim Kyoung Jae ),버니엥겔 ( Engel Bernard A ),최중대 ( Choi Joongdae ),김기성 ( Kim Ki-sung ),신용철 ( Shin Yong-chul ) 한국농공학회 2004 한국농공학회 학술대회초록집 Vol.2004 No.-

본 연구에서는 L-THIA 모델을 자동으로 캘리브레이션하는 프로그램을 작성하여 L-TH1A 모델을 Calibration / Validation 을 하였다. 일 유출버젼의 L-THIA 모델을 1991년 1월 1일부터 1991년 6월 30일까지 캘리브레이션한 결과 결정계수 (R2) 가 0.71이고, Nash-Sutcliffe 계수가 0.60 이상이 되었다. 이렇게 보정된 CN 값을 이용하여 1991년 7월 1일부터 1991년 12월 31일의 일 강우자료로 일 유출량을 모의하여 실측직접유출과 비교한 결과, R2 가 0.88이고, Nash-Sutcliffe 계수가 0.60 이상이 되었다. 이 연구결과에서 보이는 바와 같이, 간단한 모델이라도 얼마나 정확한 모델 입력 변수값을 사용하느냐 따라서, 그 모의치는 기대이상으로 실측치를 반영할 수 있다는 것을 보여준다. 이렇게 보정된 모델을 이용함으로써 토지이용변화가 연구유역내의 수문과 수질에 미치는 영향을 보다 정확하게 모의 할 수 있을 것이다. Urbanization can result in alteration of a watershed's hydrologic response and water quality. To simulate hydrologic and water quality impacts of land use changes, the Long-Term Hydrologic Impact Assessment (L-THIA) system has been used. The L-THIA system estimates pollutant loading based on direct runoff quantity and land use based pollutant coefficient. Thus, the correct estimation of the direct runoff is important in assessing water quality impacts of land use changes. In this study, an automatic calibration program was developed to calibrate the L-THIA model using numerous Curve Number (CN) combinations associated with land uses and hydrologic soil groups. L-THIA calibration for the Little Eagle Creek watershed near Indianapolis, USA was performed using 1991 land use and 1991 daily rainfall data for January 1, 1991 to June 30, 1991 to exclude errors associated with use of different temporal land use data and rainfall data. For the calibration period, the Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient was 0.60 for estimated and observed direct runoff. The calibrated CN values were used for validation for July 1, 1991 to December 31, 1991, and the Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient was 0.60 for estimated and observed direct runoff. The Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient was 0.52 for January 1, 1991 to December 31, 1991 using uncalibrated CN values. As shown in this study, the use of better input parameters for the L-THIA model can improve accuracy.

효과적인 토양유실 방지대책 수립을 위한 유사평가툴

임경재 ( Lim Kyoung-jae ),최예환 ( Engel Bernard A ),최중대 ( Choi Ye-hwan ),김기성 ( Choi Joong-dae ),신용철 ( Kim Ki-sung ),허성구 ( Shin Yong-cheol ),류창원 ( Heo Sung-gu ),( Lyou Chang Won ) 한국농공학회 2005 한국농공학회 학술대회초록집 Vol.2005 No.-

Accelerated soil erosion is a worldwide problem because of its economic and environmental impacts. To effectively estimate soil erosion and to establish soil erosion management plans, many computer models have been developed and used. The Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) has been used in many countries, and input parameter data for RUSLE have been well established over the years. However, the RUSLE cannot be used to estimate the sediment yield for a watershed. Thus, the GIS-based Sediment Assessment Tool for Effective Erosion Control (SATEEC) was developed to estimate soil loss and sediment yield for any location within a watershed using the RUSLE and a spatially distributed sediment delivery ratio. SATEEC was enhanced in this study by developing new modules to:1) simulate the effects of sediment retention basins on the receiving water bodies, 2) prepare input parameters for the Web-based sediment decision support system using a GIS interface. This easy-to-operate SATEEC system can be used to identify areas vulnerable to soil loss and to develop efficient soil erosion management plans.