Homology of contact CR-warped product submanifolds of an odd-dimensional unit sphere

Bayram \c{S}ahin,Fulya \c{S}ahin 대한수학회 2015 대한수학회보 Vol.52 No.1

We show that homology group on a contact CR-warped product submanifold in odd dimensional sphere is zero under certain conditions in terms of warping function and the dimension of the submanifold.

Membrane-Bound Methyltransferase Complex VapA-VipC-VapB Guides Epigenetic Control of Fungal Development

Sarikaya-Bayram, O.,Bayram, O.,Feussner, K.,Kim, J.H.,Kim, H.S.,Kaever, A.,Feussner, I.,Chae, K.S.,Han, D.M.,Han, K.H.,Braus, G.H. Cell Press 2014 DEVELOPMENTAL CELL Vol.29 No.4

Epigenetic and transcriptional control of gene expression must be coordinated in response to external signals to promote alternative multicellular developmental programs. The membrane-associated trimeric complex VapA-VipC-VapB controls a signal transduction pathway for fungal differentiation. The VipC-VapB methyltransferases are tethered to the membrane by the FYVE-like zinc finger protein VapA, allowing the nuclear VelB-VeA-LaeA complex to activate transcription for sexual development. Once the release from VapA is triggered, VipC-VapB is transported into the nucleus. VipC-VapB physically interacts with VeA and reduces its nuclear import and protein stability, thereby reducing the nuclear VelB-VeA-LaeA complex. Nuclear VapB methyltransferase diminishes the establishment of facultative heterochromatin by decreasing histone 3 lysine 9 trimethylation (H3K9me3). This favors activation of the regulatory genes brlA and abaA, which promote the asexual program. The VapA-VipC-VapB methyltransferase pathway combines control of nuclear import and stability of transcription factors with histone modification to foster appropriate differentiation responses.

LaeA Control of Velvet Family Regulatory Proteins for Light-Dependent Development and Fungal Cell-Type Specificity

Sarikaya Bayram, Ö,zlem,Bayram, Ö,zgü,r,Valerius, Oliver,Park, Hee Soo,Irniger, Stefan,Gerke, Jennifer,Ni, Min,Han, Kap-Hoon,Yu, Jae-Hyuk,Braus, Gerhard H. Public Library of Science 2010 PLoS genetics Vol.6 No.12

<▼1><P>VeA is the founding member of the velvet superfamily of fungal regulatory proteins. This protein is involved in light response and coordinates sexual reproduction and secondary metabolism in <I>Aspergillus nidulans</I>. In the dark, VeA bridges VelB and LaeA to form the VelB-VeA-LaeA (velvet) complex. The VeA-like protein VelB is another developmental regulator, and LaeA has been known as global regulator of secondary metabolism. In this study, we show that VelB forms a second light-regulated developmental complex together with VosA, another member of the velvet family, which represses asexual development. LaeA plays a key role, not only in secondary metabolism, but also in directing formation of the VelB-VosA and VelB-VeA-LaeA complexes. LaeA controls VeA modification and protein levels and possesses additional developmental functions. The <I>laeA</I> null mutant results in constitutive sexual differentiation, indicating that LaeA plays a pivotal role in inhibiting sexual development in response to light. Moreover, the absence of LaeA results in the formation of significantly smaller fruiting bodies. This is due to the lack of a specific globose cell type (Hülle cells), which nurse the young fruiting body during development. This suggests that LaeA controls Hülle cells. In summary, LaeA plays a dynamic role in fungal morphological and chemical development, and it controls expression, interactions, and modification of the velvet regulators.</P></▼1><▼2><P><B>Author Summary</B></P><P>Numerous fungi have the potential to infect immunocompromised patients or to contaminate and spoil our nutrients. They represent an increasing danger that threatens public health and agriculture. This requires improved understanding of fungal growth, development, dissemination of spores, and mycotoxin production. We have discovered two related fungal specific protein complexes that provide a molecular link among spore formation, fungal development, and secondary metabolite production. The subunit allocation of both complexes depends on each other, and they share a common subunit. These complexes comprise three related and in fungi conserved proteins of the velvet family that function in concert with a known regulator of secondary metabolism, LaeA. This protein controls the formation of both complexes but is only a part of the trimeric complex. We found that this regulator of secondary metabolism also possesses several developmental control functions in gene expression. These protein complexes discovered in the fungal model system <I>Aspergillus nidulans</I> are conserved in fungal pathogens where they might provide novel insights for understanding growth, development, and interaction with their respective hosts.</P></▼2>

Prevalence and Comparing of Some Microbiological Properties, Somatic Cell Count and Antibiotic Residue of Organic and Conventional Raw Milk Produced in Turkey

Bayram Urkek,Mustafa Sengul,Tuba Erkaya,Vecihi Aksakal 한국축산식품학회 2017 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.37 No.2

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of production systems and milk collection periods on the somatic cell count (SCC), some microbiological properties, total aerobic mesophilic bacteria (TAMB), coliform, Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), yeast and mould) and antibiotic residue of milk; in Turkey. Milk samples were collected from 9 conventional farms and 9 organic farms during one year time, at six different months (December 2013 to October 2014), and all farms were selected from the same geographical locations. All organically managed farms had organic production certificates given by the Republic of Turkey Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock. The count of TAMB, coliform, and coagulase positive S. aureus were affected by production systems at the level of p<0.01; yeast and mold, and somatic cell count (SCC) were affected at the level of p<0.05. But, differences according to months were statistically significant only on TAMB (p<0.01) and coliform (p<0.05) counts. The general means of TAMB, coliform and yeast and mould counts of the organic milk (OM) were significantly lower (p<0.05), while the general means of SCC and coagulase positive S. aureus count of the OM was significantly higher (p<0.05) compared to conventional milk (CM). Antibiotic residue was determined in one of the CM sample and in two of the OM samples. Our study is the first research that compared conventional and organic milk in Turkey. This study indicated that the microbiological quality of OM was the higher in terms of TAMB, coliform and yeast and mould, whereas was the lower in relation to SCC and coagulase positive S. aureus counts. But, the quality of both milk types should be improved.

Detection of Viruses Infecting Stone Fruits in Western Mediterranean Region of Turkey

Bayram Çevik Nejla Yardimci,Handan Çulal-Klllç 한국식물병리학회 2011 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.27 No.1

Field surveys were conducted in 45 stone fruit orchards in seven districts of Isparta Province located in western Mediterranean region of Turkey important for stone fruit production. Leaf samples were collected from 175trees showing virus-like symptoms. These samples were first tested by ELISA for five different RNA viruses including Apple mosaic ilarvirus (ApMV), Prunus necrotic ringspot ilarvirus (PNRSV), Prune dwarf ilarvirus (PDV),Plum pox potyvirus (PPV), Apple chlorotic leafspot trichovirus (ACLSV). While no ApMV and PPV infection was found, 46, 24 and 16 samples were tested positive for PDV, ACLSV and PNRSV, respectively, in ELISA showing about 45% of symptomatic trees in the region were infected with at least one of these viruses. In addition,it was found that nine sweet cherry trees were mixed infected with two or three of these viruses and PDV with an infection rate of 26.3% was the most widespread virus in symptomatic trees in western Mediterranean region. Thirty samples were selected and tested by a multiplex RT-PCR (mRT-PCR) for simultaneous detection of these viruses. While PPV was not detected, more than half of the tested 20 samples were individually or mixed infected with ApMV, ACLSV, PNRSV and PDV. The mRT-PCR results were confirmed by detection of these viruses individually in some of the field samples using RT-PCR with primes specific to each virus. Comparison of ELSA and mRT-PCR results of 30 samples showed that numbers of infected and mixed infected samples as well as infection and mixed infection rates were significantly higher in RT-PCR (20 and 66.7%)than in ELISA (14 and 46.7%). The results confirm that mRT-PCR is more sensitive than ELISA.

A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON APPLICABILITY AND EFFICIENCY OF MACHINE LEARNING ALGORITHMS FOR MODELING GAMMA-RAY SHIELDING BEHAVIORS

Bayram Bilmez,Ozan Toker,Selçuk Alp,Ersoy Oz,Orhan _ Içelli 한국원자력학회 2022 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.54 No.1

The mass attenuation coefficient is the primary physical parameter to model narrow beam gamma-rayattenuation. A new machine learning based approach is proposed to model gamma-ray shieldingbehavior of composites alternative to theoretical calculations. Two fuzzy logic algorithms and a neuralnetwork algorithm were trained and tested with different mixture ratios of vanadium slag/epoxy resin/antimony in the 0.05 MeVe2 MeV energy range. Two of the algorithms showed excellent agreementwith testing data after optimizing adjustable parameters, with root mean squared error (RMSE) valuesdown to 0.0001. Those results are remarkable because mass attenuation coefficients are often presentedwith four significant figures. Different training data sizes were tried to determine the least number ofdata points required to train sufficient models. Data set size more than 1000 is seen to be required tomodel in above 0.05 MeV energy. Below this energy, more data points with finer energy resolution mightbe required. Neuro-fuzzy models were three times faster to train than neural network models, whileneural network models depicted low RMSE. Fuzzy logic algorithms are overlooked in complex functionapproximation, yet grid partitioned fuzzy algorithms showed excellent calculation efficiency and goodconvergence in predicting mass attenuation coefficient.

The First Identified Citrus tristeza virus Isolate of Turkey Contains a Mixture of Mild and Severe Strains

Bayram Çevik,Nejla Yard mc,Sava Korkmaz 한국식물병리학회 2013 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.29 No.1

The presence of Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) has previously been reported in citrus growing regions of Turkey. All serologically and biologically characterized isolates including I d r, which was the first identified CTV isolates from Turkey, were considered mild isolates. In this study, molecular characteristics of the I d r isolate were determined by different methods. Analysis of the I d r isolate by western blot and BD-RT-PCR assays showed the presence of MCA13 epitope, predominantly found in severe isolates, in the I d r isolate revealing that it contains a severe component. For further characterization,the coat protein (CP) and the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) genes representing the 3'and 5' half of CTV genome, respectively, were amplified from dsRNA by RT-PCR. Both genes were cloned separately and two clones for each gene were sequenced. Comparisons of nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences showed that while two CP gene sequences were identical, two RdRp clones showed only 90% and 91% sequence identity in their nucleotide and amino acid sequences, respectively, suggesting a mixed infection with different strains. Phylogenetic analyses of the CP and RdRp genes of I d r isolate with previously characterized CTV isolates from different citrus growing regions showed that the CP gene was clustered with NZRBTH30,a resistance breaking isolate from New Zealand,clearly showing the presence of severe component. Furthermore, two different clones of the RdRp gene were clustered separately with different CTV isolates with a diverse biological activity. While the RdRp-1 was clustered with T30 and T385, two well-characterized mild isolates from Florida and Spain, respectively, the RdRp-2 was most closely related to NZRB-G90 and NZRB-TH30, two well-characterized resistance breaking and stem pitting (SP) isolates from New Zealand confirming the mixed infection. These results clearly demonstrated that the I d r isolate, which was previously described as biologically a mild isolate, actually contains a mixture of mild and severe strains.

Association between RASSF1A Ala133Ser Polymorphism and Cancer Susceptibility: A Meta-Analysis Involving 8,892 Subjects

Bayram, Suleyman Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.8

Background: Published studies on the association between the Ras Association Domain Family 1 isoform A (RASSF1A) Ala133Ser polymorphism and cancer susceptibility have yielded conflicting results. Thus, a meta-analysis was here performed to assess the possible association. Materials and Methods: All eligible case-control studies published up to November 2013 on the association between RASSF1A Ala133Ser polymorphism and cancer susceptibility were identified by searching PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct and hand search. Bothfixed-effect and random-effect models were used to calculate pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) by using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software version 2.2. Results: A total of 10 studies including 4,572 cancer cases and 4,320 controls were included in the meta-analysis. Overall, significantly increased cancer risk was associated with the variant Ser133 when all studies were pooled (Ser vs Ala: OR=1.51, 95% CI=1.08-2.12, $P_{heterogeneity}{\leq}0.001$; Ser/Ser+Ala/Ser vs Ala/Ala: OR=1.55, 95% CI=1.08-2.22, $P_{heterogeneity}{\leq}0.001$). Moreover, in subgroup analyses by cancer types, a significant association between RASSF1A Ala133Ser polymorphism and lung cancer risk was found (Ser vs Ala: OR=2.27, 95% CI=1.29-4.02, $P_{heterogeneity}$=0.61; Ser/Ser+Ala/Ser vs Ala/Ala: OR=2.42, 95% CI=1.33-4.42, $P_{heterogeneity}=0.75$). In addition, in subgroup analyses by ethnicity, it was found that the RASSF1A Ala133Ser polymorphism was associated with overall cancer risk in Asians (Ser vs Ala: OR=1.37, 95% CI=1.06-1.77, $P_{heterogeneity}=0.06$) and Caucasians (Ser/Ser+Ala/Ser vs Ala/Ala: OR=2.21, 95% CI=1.01-4.82, $P_{heterogeneity}{\leq}0.001$). Conclusions: This meta-analysis suggests, for the first time, that RASSF1A Ala133Ser polymorphism may contribute to cancer susceptibility, especially for lung cancer. Besides, additional well-designed studies with larger sample size focusing on different ethnicities and cancer types are needed to confirm these findings.

Smart Calculation of Heat Energy Supplied by Hot Water

Bayram Ashyrmyradovich Jumayev,Serdar Nazarov 대한전자공학회 2023 IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing & Computing Vol.12 No.2

This paper provides significant results related to the smart calculation of heat energy supply. In order to measure the heat energy supply for personal and domestic uses, a smart meter was designed using a microcontroller, temperature and water-flow sensors, actuators and modules. This meter can be implemented in buildings in order to calculate the amount of heat energy supplied by circulating hot water during winter. As stated in an Execution Plan of the State Program of energy saving in 2018-2024, possible digital or intellectual solutions should be worked out in order to normalize heat and hot-water provision systems. In the framework of this State Program, the proposed system could serve as a beneficial tool for calculating, recording, and monitoring the heat energy being consumed by houses or buildings.

Slant Submanifolds of an Almost Product Riemannian Manifold

Bayram Sahin 대한수학회 2006 대한수학회지 Vol.43 No.4

In this paper, we study both slant and semi-slant submanifolds ofan almost product Riemannian manifold. We give characterizationtheorems for slant and semi-slant submanifolds and investigatespecial class of slant submanifolds which are product version ofKaehlerian slant submanifold. We also obtain integrabilityconditions for the distributions which are involved in thedefinition of a semi-slant submanifold. Finally, we prove atheorem on the geometry of leaves of distributions under acondition.