Evolution and Revolution in Electronic packaging and Interconnection ; An Historical View of the Future

Bauer, Charles E. 한국마이크로전자및패키징학회 1997 Symposium on Multichip Module and Advanced Packagi Vol.1 No.1

Dramatic changes in the driving, forces of the electronics industry in the past twenty years have altered the rules in the world of packaging, interconnection and assembly. One of the most important changes is the shift from primarily government funded military and aerospace driven research and development to significant levels of corporate funded consumer driven R&D. Japan has been a leader in this arena far twenty years. Another major shift is occurring in the financial analysis of our industry, from cost focus to value focus. North America is the leader in this area. The third important topic consdered in this paper is the demand for a packaging discipline that incorporates the first two topics, particularly within an educational environment. Advances in this area were initiated in North America, but Europe has begun to take the lead here. This paper and presentation describes the evolution of these major paradigm shifts in the industry and explores the implications for participants in the packaging, interconnection and assembly industry, whether suppliers of materials, equipment and processes or . designer's, fabricators and assemblers of products. Revolutionary changes in the balance between original equipment manufacturers and contract fabricators and assemblers, distributors and component suppliers, and designers and their systems are occurring and will be demanded by these paradigm shifts. The reasons and forces behind these expectations are presented along with a road map to the future of the electronic packaging, interconnection and assembly industry!

Pressure-induced relaxor-to-ferroelectric crossover in vinylidene fluoride relaxor terpolymer: a possible explanation to the high performance of the terpolymer nanocomposites

Bauer, Francois,Eyraud, Lucien,Samara, George A.,Seung Tae Choi IEEE 2015 IEEE transactions on dielectrics and electrical in Vol.22 No.3

<P>In this paper, we will present electromechanical behavior of the poly(vinylidene fluoridetrifluoroethylene- 1,1-chlorofluoroethylene) [P(VDF-TrFE-CFE)] terpolymer under hydrostatic pressure. The dielectric data obtained under controlled hydrostatic pressure suggest a reversible pressure-induced crossover from the relaxor state to a ferroelectric state in the terpolymer (PVDF/TrFE/CFE 64.3/27.6/8.1 mol %). It was also observed that the P(VDF-TrFE-CFE) terpolymer quenched in ice water shows ferroelectric-like hysteresis loop. These results have led us to the theoretical analysis of a charged sphere, with which it was estimated that the change of a bipolar state of nanoparticles in a terpolymer matrix to a unipolar state due to a possible ionization of the medium under applied electric field could induce electrostatic pressure high enough to generate relaxor-to-ferroelectric crossover. The hysteresis loop of polymer-modified reduced graphene oxide/poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene-clorotrifluoroethylene) terpolymer nanocomposite was also measured to ensure that the relaxor-to-ferroelectric crossover may take place in the nanocomposite.</P>

Efficient Algorithms for Exact Inference in Sequence Labeling SVMs

Bauer, Alexander,Gornitz, Nico,Biegler, Franziska,Muller, Klaus-Robert,Kloft, Marius IEEE 2014 IEEE transactions on neural networks and learning Vol.25 No.5

<P>The task of structured output prediction deals with learning general functional dependencies between arbitrary input and output spaces. In this context, two loss-sensitive formulations for maximum-margin training have been proposed in the literature, which are referred to as margin and slack rescaling, respectively. The latter is believed to be more accurate and easier to handle. Nevertheless, it is not popular due to the lack of known efficient inference algorithms; therefore, margin rescaling - which requires a similar type of inference as normal structured prediction - is the most often used approach. Focusing on the task of label sequence learning, we here define a general framework that can handle a large class of inference problems based on Hamming-like loss functions and the concept of decomposability for the underlying joint feature map. In particular, we present an efficient generic algorithm that can handle both rescaling approaches and is guaranteed to find an optimal solution in polynomial time.</P>

Efficient Exact Inference With Loss Augmented Objective in Structured Learning

Bauer, Alexander,Nakajima, Shinichi,Muller, Klaus-Robert IEEE 2017 IEEE transactions on neural networks and learning Vol.28 No.11

<P>Structural support vector machine (SVM) is an elegant approach for building complex and accurate models with structured outputs. However, its applicability relies on the availability of efficient inference algorithms-the state-of-the-art training algorithms repeatedly perform inference to compute a subgradient or to find the most violating configuration. In this paper, we propose an exact inference algorithm for maximizing nondecomposable objectives due to special type of a high-order potential having a decomposable internal structure. As an important application, our method covers the loss augmented inference, which enables the slack and margin scaling formulations of structural SVM with a variety of dissimilarity measures, e.g., Hamming loss, precision and recall, F-beta-loss, intersection over union, and many other functions that can be efficiently computed from the contingency table. We demonstrate the advantages of our approach in natural language parsing and sequence segmentation applications.</P>

Interpreting & Using Industry Road Maps for Success In the 21st Century;Micro/Chip Scale IC Packaging

Bauer, Charles E. 한국마이크로전자및패키징학회 1998 International Symposium on Microelectronics and Pa Vol.1 No.1

Micro/Chip Scale Packages are the hot topic in the IC packaging industry today but important questions regarding the fit between advances in IC technology and packaging technology remain unanswered. By exploring the recently published Semiconductor Industry Association (SIA) semiconductor technology road map some of the answers are forthcoming, particularly regarding the role of miniaturization of IC packages. In addition to concerns about miniaturization, .several materials and process challenges are identified along with strategies for solution development. Once the challenges of IC packaging are overcame the next step will require substantial care to avoid raising major entry barriers to the use of these packages. The established design and assembly infrastructure throughout the world cannot adapt over night to the whims of the IC packager. Thus the challenges of printed wiring board design and fabrication, component handling and placement, attachment methods, etc. must also be addressed. These multidisciplinary considerations provide for two alternative paths to meet the needs of the electronics industry's varied packaging. interconnection and assembly objectives. One path, technological convergence, melds the materials and process requirements of packaging and interconnection. The other path, technology integration, transfers the packaging requirements further down the value delivery chain. Both paths find application today and likely will continue to do so into the future.

Accurate Maximum-Margin Training for Parsing With Context-Free Grammars

Bauer, Alexander,Braun, Mikio,Muller, Klaus-Robert IEEE 2017 IEEE transactions on neural networks and learning Vol.28 No.1

<P>The task of natural language parsing can naturally be embedded in the maximum-margin framework for structured output prediction using an appropriate joint feature map and a suitable structured loss function. While there are efficient learning algorithms based on the cutting-plane method for optimizing the resulting quadratic objective with potentially exponential number of linear constraints, their efficiency crucially depends on the inference algorithms used to infer the most violated constraint in a current iteration. In this paper, we derive an extension of the well-known Cocke-Kasami-Younger (CKY) algorithm used for parsing with probabilistic context-free grammars for the case of loss-augmented inference enabling an effective training in the cutting-plane approach. The resulting algorithm is guaranteed to find an optimal solution in polynomial time exceeding the running time of the CKY algorithm by a term, which only depends on the number of possible loss values. In order to demonstrate the feasibility of the presented algorithm, we perform a set of experiments for parsing English sentences.</P>

Principles of Physiology of Lipid Digestion

Bauer, E.,Jakob, S.,Mosenthin, R. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2005 Animal Bioscience Vol.18 No.2

The processing of dietary lipids can be distinguished in several sequential steps, including their emulsification, hydrolysis and micellization, before they are absorbed by the enterocytes. Emulsification of lipids starts in the stomach and is mediated by physical forces and favoured by the partial lipolysis of the dietary lipids due to the activity of gastric lipase. The process of lipid digestion continues in the duodenum where pancreatic triacylglycerol lipase (PTL) releases 50 to 70% of dietary fatty acids. Bile salts at low concentrations stimulate PTL activity, but higher concentrations inhibit PTL activity. Pancreatic triacylglycerol lipase activity is regulated by colipase, that interacts with bile salts and PTL and can release bile salt mediated PTL inhibition. Without colipase, PTL is unable to hydrolyse fatty acids from dietary triacylglycerols, resulting in fat malabsorption with severe consequences on bioavailability of dietary lipids and fat-soluble vitamins. Furthermore, carboxyl ester lipase, a pancreatic enzyme that is bile salt-stimulated and displays wide substrate reactivities, is involved in lipid digestion. The products of lipolysis are removed from the water-oil interface by incorporation into mixed micelles that are formed spontaneously by the interaction of bile salts. Monoacylglycerols and phospholipids enhance the ability of bile salts to form mixed micelles. Formation of mixed micelles is necessary to move the non-polar lipids across the unstirred water layer adjacent to the mucosal cells, thereby facilitating absorption.

Antihypertensive Therapy : Which Drug?

Bauer, G.E. Medical Publications Korea 1975 Medical Progress Vol.2 No.3

The Large-Grained Dust Coma of 174P/Echeclus

Bauer, J.M.,Choi, Y.-J.,Weissman, P.R.,Stansberry, J.A.,Fernandez, Y.R.,Roe, H.G.,Buratti, B.J.,Sung, H.-I. ASTRONOMIC SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC 2008 Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pa Vol.120 No.866

Philosophy of Interactive e-Learning for Power Electronics and Electrical Drives: a Way from Ideas to Realization

Bauer, Pavol,Fedak, Viliam The Korean Institute of Power Electronics 2010 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.10 No.6

The paper reports about methodology at design of interactive e-learning modules that are suitable both for teaching and learning. They cover special topics of electrical engineering, starting from the fundamentals, through electrical machines, power electronics to the fields of controlled electromechanical energy conversion, like electrical drives, complex drive systems, application of drives, mechatronic systems, telemanipulation, and robotics. In the paper, the emphasis is devoted in detail to philosophy and realization of the modules from fields of Power Electronics and Electrical Drives. On several examples there are explained main principles and specialties at their development.