Evolution and Revolution in Electronic packaging and Interconnection ; An Historical View of the Future

Bauer, Charles E. 한국마이크로전자및패키징학회 1997 Symposium on Multichip Module and Advanced Packagi Vol.1 No.1

Dramatic changes in the driving, forces of the electronics industry in the past twenty years have altered the rules in the world of packaging, interconnection and assembly. One of the most important changes is the shift from primarily government funded military and aerospace driven research and development to significant levels of corporate funded consumer driven R&D. Japan has been a leader in this arena far twenty years. Another major shift is occurring in the financial analysis of our industry, from cost focus to value focus. North America is the leader in this area. The third important topic consdered in this paper is the demand for a packaging discipline that incorporates the first two topics, particularly within an educational environment. Advances in this area were initiated in North America, but Europe has begun to take the lead here. This paper and presentation describes the evolution of these major paradigm shifts in the industry and explores the implications for participants in the packaging, interconnection and assembly industry, whether suppliers of materials, equipment and processes or . designer's, fabricators and assemblers of products. Revolutionary changes in the balance between original equipment manufacturers and contract fabricators and assemblers, distributors and component suppliers, and designers and their systems are occurring and will be demanded by these paradigm shifts. The reasons and forces behind these expectations are presented along with a road map to the future of the electronic packaging, interconnection and assembly industry!

Antihypertensive Therapy : Which Drug?

Bauer, G.E. Medical Publications Korea 1975 Medical Progress Vol.2 No.3

Pressure-induced relaxor-to-ferroelectric crossover in vinylidene fluoride relaxor terpolymer: a possible explanation to the high performance of the terpolymer nanocomposites

Bauer, Francois,Eyraud, Lucien,Samara, George A.,Seung Tae Choi IEEE 2015 IEEE transactions on dielectrics and electrical in Vol.22 No.3

<P>In this paper, we will present electromechanical behavior of the poly(vinylidene fluoridetrifluoroethylene- 1,1-chlorofluoroethylene) [P(VDF-TrFE-CFE)] terpolymer under hydrostatic pressure. The dielectric data obtained under controlled hydrostatic pressure suggest a reversible pressure-induced crossover from the relaxor state to a ferroelectric state in the terpolymer (PVDF/TrFE/CFE 64.3/27.6/8.1 mol %). It was also observed that the P(VDF-TrFE-CFE) terpolymer quenched in ice water shows ferroelectric-like hysteresis loop. These results have led us to the theoretical analysis of a charged sphere, with which it was estimated that the change of a bipolar state of nanoparticles in a terpolymer matrix to a unipolar state due to a possible ionization of the medium under applied electric field could induce electrostatic pressure high enough to generate relaxor-to-ferroelectric crossover. The hysteresis loop of polymer-modified reduced graphene oxide/poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene-clorotrifluoroethylene) terpolymer nanocomposite was also measured to ensure that the relaxor-to-ferroelectric crossover may take place in the nanocomposite.</P>

Accurate Maximum-Margin Training for Parsing With Context-Free Grammars

Bauer, Alexander,Braun, Mikio,Muller, Klaus-Robert IEEE 2017 IEEE transactions on neural networks and learning Vol.28 No.1

<P>The task of natural language parsing can naturally be embedded in the maximum-margin framework for structured output prediction using an appropriate joint feature map and a suitable structured loss function. While there are efficient learning algorithms based on the cutting-plane method for optimizing the resulting quadratic objective with potentially exponential number of linear constraints, their efficiency crucially depends on the inference algorithms used to infer the most violated constraint in a current iteration. In this paper, we derive an extension of the well-known Cocke-Kasami-Younger (CKY) algorithm used for parsing with probabilistic context-free grammars for the case of loss-augmented inference enabling an effective training in the cutting-plane approach. The resulting algorithm is guaranteed to find an optimal solution in polynomial time exceeding the running time of the CKY algorithm by a term, which only depends on the number of possible loss values. In order to demonstrate the feasibility of the presented algorithm, we perform a set of experiments for parsing English sentences.</P>

Efficient Exact Inference With Loss Augmented Objective in Structured Learning

Bauer, Alexander,Nakajima, Shinichi,Muller, Klaus-Robert IEEE 2017 IEEE transactions on neural networks and learning Vol.28 No.11

<P>Structural support vector machine (SVM) is an elegant approach for building complex and accurate models with structured outputs. However, its applicability relies on the availability of efficient inference algorithms-the state-of-the-art training algorithms repeatedly perform inference to compute a subgradient or to find the most violating configuration. In this paper, we propose an exact inference algorithm for maximizing nondecomposable objectives due to special type of a high-order potential having a decomposable internal structure. As an important application, our method covers the loss augmented inference, which enables the slack and margin scaling formulations of structural SVM with a variety of dissimilarity measures, e.g., Hamming loss, precision and recall, F-beta-loss, intersection over union, and many other functions that can be efficiently computed from the contingency table. We demonstrate the advantages of our approach in natural language parsing and sequence segmentation applications.</P>

Philosophy of Interactive e-Learning for Power Electronics and Electrical Drives: a Way from Ideas to Realization

Bauer, Pavol,Fedak, Viliam The Korean Institute of Power Electronics 2010 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.10 No.6

The paper reports about methodology at design of interactive e-learning modules that are suitable both for teaching and learning. They cover special topics of electrical engineering, starting from the fundamentals, through electrical machines, power electronics to the fields of controlled electromechanical energy conversion, like electrical drives, complex drive systems, application of drives, mechatronic systems, telemanipulation, and robotics. In the paper, the emphasis is devoted in detail to philosophy and realization of the modules from fields of Power Electronics and Electrical Drives. On several examples there are explained main principles and specialties at their development.

Isolated pulmonary cryptococcosis in an immunocompetent boy

Bauer, Siegfried,Kim, Ji-Eun,La, Kyong-Suk,Yoo, Young,Lee, Kee-Hyoung,Park, Sang-Hee,Choung, Ji-Tae,Kim, Chul-Whan The Korean Pediatric Society 2010 Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics (CEP) Vol.53 No.11

Pulmonary cryptococcosis is rare in immunocompetent subjects. Here, we present the case of a 16-year-old boy who was referred to our pediatric department for the management of multiple consolidations detected on chest radiography, which was routinely performed when the patient was being evaluated for an ankle fracture. Fine needle aspiration biopsy was performed, and the definitive diagnosis was established as cryptococcal pneumonia. After 8 weeks of antifungal treatment, the pulmonary nodules on the chest radiographs disappeared.

MATRIX (Multiconfiguration Aerosol TRacker of mIXing state): an aerosol microphysical module for global atmospheric models

Bauer, S. E.,Wright, D. L.,Koch, D.,Lewis, E. R.,McGraw, R.,Chang, L.-S.,Schwartz, S. E.,Ruedy, R. Copernicus GmbH 2008 Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Vol.8 No.20

<P>Abstract. A new aerosol microphysical module MATRIX, the Multiconfiguration Aerosol TRacker of mIXing state, and its application in the Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) climate model (ModelE) are described. This module, which is based on the quadrature method of moments (QMOM), represents nucleation, condensation, coagulation, internal and external mixing, and cloud-drop activation and provides aerosol particle mass and number concentration and particle size information for up to 16 mixed-mode aerosol populations. Internal and external mixing among aerosol components sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, carbonaceous aerosols, dust and sea-salt particles are represented. The solubility of each aerosol population, which is explicitly calculated based on its soluble and insoluble components, enables calculation of the dependence of cloud drop activation on the microphysical characterization of multiple soluble aerosol populations. A detailed model description and results of box-model simulations of various aerosol population configurations are presented. The box model experiments demonstrate the dependence of cloud activating aerosol number concentration on the aerosol population configuration; comparisons to sectional models are quite favorable. MATRIX is incorporated into the GISS climate model and simulations are carried out primarily to assess its performance/efficiency for global-scale atmospheric model application. Simulation results were compared with aircraft and station measurements of aerosol mass and number concentration and particle size to assess the ability of the new method to yield data suitable for such comparison. The model accurately captures the observed size distributions in the Aitken and accumulation modes up to particle diameter 1 μm, in which sulfate, nitrate, black and organic carbon are predominantly located; however the model underestimates coarse-mode number concentration and size, especially in the marine environment. This is more likely due to oversimplifications of the representation of sea salt emissions - sea salt emissions are only calculated for two size classes - than to inherent limitations of MATRIX. </P>

Commuting Toeplitz operators with quasi-homogeneous symbols on the Segal-Bargmann space

Bauer, W.,Issa, H. Academic Press 2012 Journal of mathematical analysis and applications Vol.386 No.1

Let T=T<SUB>z^lz@?^k</SUB> with l,k@?N<SUB>0</SUB> be a Toeplitz operator with monomial symbol acting on the Segal-Bargmann space over the complex plane. We determine the symbols Ψ of polynomial growth at infinity such that T<SUB>Ψ</SUB> and T<SUB>z^lz@?^k</SUB> commute on the space of all holomorphic polynomials. By using polar coordinates we represent Ψ as an infinite sum Ψ(re<SUP>iθ</SUP>)=@?<SUB>j=-~</SUB><SUP>~</SUP>Ψ<SUB>j</SUB>(r)e<SUP>ijθ</SUP>. Then we are able to reduce the above problem to the case of quasi-homogeneous symbols Ψ=Ψ<SUB>j</SUB>e<SUP>ijθ</SUP>. We obtain the radial part Ψ<SUB>j</SUB>(r) in terms of the inverse Mellin transform of an expression which is a product of Gamma functions and a trigonometric polynomial. If we allow operator symbols of higher growth at infinity, we point out that in some of the cases more than one Toeplitz operator T<SUB>Ψ'je^i^j^θ</SUB> exists commuting with T.

Can Perioperative Chemotherapy for Advanced Gastric Cancer Be Recommended on the Basis of Current Research? A Critical Analysis

Bauer, Katrin,Porzsolt, Franz,Henne-Bruns, Doris The Korean Gastric Cancer Association 2014 Journal of gastric cancer Vol.14 No.1

Purpose: According to current guidelines, perioperative chemotherapy is an integral part of the treatment strategy for advanced gastric cancer. Randomized controlled studies have been conducted in order to determine whether perioperative chemotherapy leads to improved R0 resection rates, fewer recurrences, and prolonged survival. The aim of our project was to critically appraise three major studies to establish whether perioperative chemotherapy for advanced, potentially resectable gastric cancer can be recommended on the basis of their findings. Materials and Methods: We analyzed the validity of the three most important studies (MAGIC, ACCORD, and EORTC) using a standardized questionnaire. Each study was evaluated for the study design, patient selection, randomization, changes in protocol, participating clinics, preoperative staging, chemotherapy, homogeneity of subjects, surgical quality, analysis of the results, and recruitment period. Results: All three studies had serious shortcomings with respect to patient selection, homogeneity of subjects, changes in protocol, surgical quality, and analysis of the results. The protocols of the MAGIC and ACCORD-studies were changed during the study period because of insufficient recruitment, such that carcinomas of the lower esophagus and the stomach were examined collectively. In neither the MAGIC study nor the ACCORD study did patients undergo adequate lymphadenectomy, and only about half of the patients in the chemotherapy group could undergo the treatment specified in the protocol. The EORTC study had insufficient statistical power. Conclusions: We concluded that none of the three studies was sufficiently robust to justify an unrestrained recommendation for perioperative chemotherapy in cases of advanced gastric cancer.