High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Analysis of Capsaicin Content in 16 Capsicum Fruits from Nepal

Bindu Thapa,Natasa Skalko-Basnet,Akihito Takano,Kazuo Masuda,Purusotam Basnet1 한국식품영양과학회 2009 Journal of medicinal food Vol.12 No.4

Capsicum fruit, a popular spice as chili pepper, is an important ingredient of the formulations used in traditional medicines. Moreover, Capsicum fruit is listed as an official drug in several pharmacopoeias. Capsaicin, the most abundant component in Capsicum fruit, exhibits its therapeutic and adverse effects in a dose-dependent manner. Therefore, the known capsaicin content is the prerequisite for optimizing any formulation based on Capsicum fruit as a crude drug. We studied 16 samples of Capsicum fruits grown at different altitudes in Nepal and determined their capsaicin content by high-performance liquid chromatography. The capsaicin content was found to range from 2.19 to 19.73mg/g of dry weight of Capsicum fruits. Capsaicin content in pericarp was found to be higher than in seeds. No correlation was found between the shape or size of the fruits and its capsaicin content. Our findings indicate that many of the formulations prepared from Capsicum fruit, even as described in pharmacopoeias, may vary in their strength, therapeutic activity, and possible side effects if the capsaicin content in Capsicum fruit is not standardized.

[PB-0013] Comparative transcriptome analysis of Soybean development in weedy and cultivar growth types

Prakash Basnet Ik-Young Choi(Prakash Basnet Ik-Young Choi) 한국육종학회 2022 한국육종학회 공동학술발표집 Vol.2022 No.-

Evaluation of in-situ stress state along the shotcrete lined high-pressure headrace tunnel at a complex Himalayan geological condition

Basnet Chhatra Bahadur,Panthi Krishna Kanta 한국자원공학회 2021 Geosystem engineering Vol.24 No.1

The Himalayan region is renowned with its complex topography and active tectonic movement, which causes accumulation and sudden release of strain energy instigating changes in the in-situ stress state. This paper evaluates in-situ stress state at the Upper Tamakoshi Hydroelectric Project where shotcrete lined headrace tunnel with considerable hydrostatic head is being implemented. Start of the pressure tunnel at the downstream-end was proposed inside slope topography of about 300 m above valley bottom based on in-situ stresses measured by 3D overcoring at the test tunnel located at valley level. It was believed that pressure tunnel start location with a hydrostatic head of 420 m was inferred to have almost similar in-situ stress state measured at the test tunnel. However, minimum principal stresses measured by hydraulic fracturing were found insufficient to avoid hydraulic jacking. This manuscript evaluates in-situ stress state of the area and explores reasons behind much lower stresses than expected. Detailed assessment of the stress state using both measured data and 3D numerical analysis is performed, which revealed that the stress state has high degree of spatial variation even at similar overburden conditions. The analysis further demonstrates that presence of local shear zone has considerable de-stressing effect.

The State-of-the-Art of Knowledge-Intensive Agriculture: A Review on Applied Sensing Systems and Data Analytics

Basnet, Barun,Bang, Junho Hindawi Limited 2018 Journal of sensors Vol.2018 No.-

<P>The application of sensors and information and communication technology (ICT) in agriculture has played a vital role in improving agricultural production and the value chain. Recently, the use of data analytics has shifted agriculture from input-intensive to knowledge-intensive as a large amount of agricultural data can be stored, shared, and analyzed to create information. In this paper, we have reviewed existing sensors and data analytics techniques used in different areas of agriculture. We have classified agriculture into five categories and reviewed the state-of-the-art technology in practice and ongoing research in each of these areas. Also, we have presented a case study of Korean scenario compared with other developed nations and addressed some of the issues associated with it. Finally, we have discussed current and future challenges and provided our views on how such issues can be addressed.</P>

Angucyclines Sch 47554 and Sch 47555 from Streptomyces sp. SCC-2136 : cloning, sequencing, and characterization

Basnet, Devi Bahadur,Oh, Tae Jin,Vu, Thi Thu Hang,Sthapit, Basundhara,Liou, Kwang Kyoung,Lee, Hei Chan,Yoo, Jin Cheol,Sohng, Jae Kyung Korean Society for Molecular and Cellular Biology 2006 Molecules and cells Vol.22 No.2

Evaluation of the elasto-plastic crack tip singularities via mechano-luminescent effects

Basnet, Ramesh,Timilsina, Suman,Lee, Kwang Ho,Kim, Ji Sik Elsevier 2018 International journal of engineering science Vol.123 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>New techniques to directly evaluate the plastic singularity of elasto-plastic crack under a mixed mode from the plastic J field, as well as indirectly from an elastic K field, have been suggested using Mechano-luminescence (ML) in SrAl<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB>:Eu,Dy. For this purpose, the ML of a plastic core, Hutchinson–Rice–Rosenberg (HRR), field in the vicinity of a physical crack tip during four-point shearing was visualized and analyzed. Plastic stress intensity factors (SIFs) of K M P measured at 829 and 872 N directly from the ML-HRR field showed proper agreement with those of K M P e that were predicted indirectly from elastic SIFs with deviations of less than 11%. An imaginary crack tip within the plastic zone and a propagating angle with the plastic zone size under transient cracking were evaluated separately to verify use of ML technique for considering elasto-plastic crack in Structural Health Monitoring (SHM).</P>

Effects of Carbon Fiber on Mechanical Behaviour of Al₂O₃ Porous Ceramics

Basnet, Bijay,Lim, Hyung Mi,Lee, Kee Sung,Kim, Ik Jin The Korean Ceramic Society 2019 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.56 No.5

This study reports the improvement of mechanical properties of Al₂O₃ porous ceramics from colloidal suspension with the addition of carbon fiber by direct foaming. The initial colloidal suspension of Al₂O₃ was partially hydrophobized by surfactant to stabilize wet foam with the addition of carbon fiber from 2 to 8 wt% as stabilizer. The influence of carbon fiber on the air content, bubble size, pore size and pore distribution in terms of wet foam stability and physical properties of porous ceramics were discussed. The viscosity of the colloidal suspension was increased giving solid like properties with the increased in carbon fiber content. The mechanical properties of the sintered porous samples were investigated by Hertzian indentation test. The results show the wet foam stability of more than 90% corresponds to compressive loading of 156.48 N and elastic modulus of 57.44 MPa of sintered sample with 8 wt% of carbon fiber content.

Development of a Smart Application for Solar PV Systems

Basnet Barun(바스넷 버룬),Junho Bang(방준호),Yoo JungHoon(유정훈),Robin Sun(선로빈),JangHoon Jo(조장훈),HyunJun Chun(천현준),InJae Lee(이인재),MyungJun Noh(노명준) 대한전기학회 2020 대한전기학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2020 No.7

Solute Carrier SLC41A1 'A MINI REVIEW'

Basnet Hom Bahadur Korean Environmental Mutagen Society 2005 한국환경성돌연변이·발암원학회지 Vol.25 No.2

The human solute carrier, SLC41Al, is a $Mg^{2}+$ transporter that is regulated by extracellular magnesium. Although intracellular magnesium plays a fundamental role in cellular metabolism, little is known about how $Mg^{2}+$ is taken up and controlled by cells. Magnesium plays a fundamental role in cellular metabolism so that its control within the body is critical. Magnesium homeostasis is principally a balance between intestinal absorption of dietary magnesium and renal excretion of urinary magnesium. The kidney, mainly the distal convoluted tubule, controls magnesium reabsorption. Although renal reabsorption is under the influence of many hormones, selective regulation of magnesium transport is due to intrinsic control involving transcriptional processes and synthesis of transport proteins. Using microarray analysis, identification of the genetic elements involved with this transcriptional control has been begun. SLC41A1(GenBank Accession No. AJ514402), comprises 10 putative transmembrane domains, two of which are highly homologous to the integral membrane part of the prokaryote transports $Mg^{2}+$ and other divalent cations $Sr^2+,\;Zn^2+,\;Cu^2+,\;Fe^2+,\;Co^2+,\;Ba^2+,\;and\;Cd^2+,\;but\;not\;Ca^2+,\;Mn^2+,\;and\;Ni^2+.$ Transport of $Mg^{2}+$ by SLC41Al is rheogenic, voltage dependent, and not coupled to Na or Cl. Expressed SLC41Al transports a range of other divalent cations: $Mg^{2+},\;Sr^{2+},\;Zn^{2+},\;Cu^{2+},\;Fe^{2+},\;Co^{2+},\;Ba^{2+},\;and\;Cd^{2+}$. The divalent cations $Ca^{2+},\;Mn^{2+},\;and\;Ni^{2+}$and the trivalent ion $Gd^{3+}$ did not induce currents nor did they inhibit $Mg^{2+}$ transport. The nonselective cation $La^{3+}$ abolishes $Mg^{2+}$ uptake. Computer analysis of the SLC41Al protein structure reveals that it belongs to MgtE protein family & suggested that the human solute carrier, SLC41Al, might be a eukaryotic $Mg^{2+}$ transporter closely related $(60-70\%)$ protein encoded by SLC41A2 is a $Mg^{2}+$ transporter that might be involved in magnesium homeostasis in epithelial cells also transports a range of other divalent cations: $Ba^2,\;Ni^2,\;CO^2,\;Fe^2,\;or\;Mn^2,\;but\;not\;Ca^2,\;Zn^2,\;or\;Cu^{2+}$ that may have related functional properties.

Himalayan Medicinal Resources: Present and Future. A Case Study: Andidiabetic Activity of Shilajit

Basnet, Purusotam The Plant Resources Society of Korea 2001 Plant Resources Vol.4 No.3

A major portion of drugs used in Ayurvedic system of medicine which has been practiced since the early human civilization in Indian subcontinent were of plant origin. It should be noted that 70% of the population in this region depends on Ayurveda for their medical treatment and 60% of the drug resources are obtained from the Himalayan region. Therefore, Nepal becomes a potential source of plant drug resource since it occupies a major portion of the Himalaya. In the present paper, in general a current status of medicinal plant resources of Himalayan region especially Nepal will be discussed. In addition to this, a typical example of antidiabetic activity of Shilajit will be taken for the discussion. Shilajit is one of the crucial elements in several formulations including those of Rasayana, a therapy in Ayurveda, which has been practiced in the prevention of ageing and mental disorder. Although, Shilajit is widely used for the treatment of diabetes, no satisfactory scientific reports are available up to now. The crude Shilajit in the market is a dark brown or black rock-like substance collected from the Himalayan region with a strong smell of cow's stale urine. In our studies, Shilajit (collected in the central Himalayan region) prevented the diabetes in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice model. Shilajit also prevented the diabetes in the rats against the action of multiple low-dose (10 mg/kg, i.v., 5 times) of streptozotocin. On the other hand, Shilajit did not show antioxidative activity. The preventive action of Shilajit on diabetes is mainly focused on the Thl and Th2 cell activities, since Th2 cells activity was found to be significantly upregulated. Shilajit, however, showed a mild action in controlling the blood sugar level in young, old, and mild diabetic rats, but not in the severe diabetic rats. It also stimulated the nitric oxide production in macrophages. Based on these evidences, the antidiabetic activities of Shilajit appear to be immunomodulative probably by protecting or strengthening insulin-producing b-cells in the pancreas. Further systematic research on constituents of Shilajit and its quality evaluation is necessary to enable the use of natural medicines in the treatment of diabetes.