On the derived categories of degree d hypersurface fibrations

Ballard, Matthew,Deliu, Dragos,Favero, David,Isik, M. Umut,Katzarkov, Ludmil Springer-Verlag 2018 Mathematische Annalen Vol. No.

The first report of the buckled thyroid cartilage in a human cadaver

Craig Ballard,Joe Iwanaga,Eva Maranillo,Jose Sanudo,Aaron S. Dumont,R. Shane Tubbs 대한해부학회 2023 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.56 No.2

We present the first case of buckled thyroid cartilage identified in a human cadaver. This rare anatomical variant,in patients, often produces dysphonia and is a potential source for diagnostic confusion. In the cadaveric case described, the laryngeal prominence is deviated to the left without deviation of the internal structures of the larynx, such as vocal folds and vocalis muscles. The medical history of the patient is not known. Finally, a review of current literature on the buckled thyroid cartilage is presented. Such a case represents a rare opportunity to visualize this deformity via anatomical dissection.

Endometrial carcinoma in vitro chemosensitivity testing of single and combination chemotherapy regimens using the novel microculture kinetic apoptosis assay: implications for endometrial cancer treatment

Karen S. Ballard,Howard D. Homesley,Charles Hodson,Cary A. Presant,James Rutledge,Allan Hallquist,Mathieu Perree 대한부인종양학회 2010 Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Vol.21 No.1

Objective: The in vitro microculture kinetic (MiCK) apoptosis assay has been used to predict single or combination chemotherapy response in leukemia patients. This feasibility study addressed MiCK in endometrial cancer specimens. Methods: Endometrial cancer specimens from total abdominal hysterectomies were processed at a central laboratory. Single cell suspensions of viable endometrial cancer cells were plated in individual wells. Single and combination regimens were tested: combinations of doxorubicin, cisplatin, and paclitaxel and carboplatin and paclitaxel (Gynecologic Oncology Group [GOG] 209 endometrial cancer phase III trial arms) as well as single agent testing with paclitaxel,carboplatin, doxorubicin, cisplatin, ifosfamide, and vincristine (active agents in GOG trials). Apoptosis was measured continuously over 48 hours. Results: Fifteen of nineteen patients had successful assays. The highest mean chemo sensitivity was noted in the combination of cisplatin, doxorubicin, and paclitaxel with lower mean chemosensitivity for carboplatin and paclitaxel. Combination chemotherapy had higher chemosensitivity than single drug chemotherapy. However, in 25% of patients a single drug had higher chemosensitivity than combination chemotherapy. As single agents, ifosfamide, cisplatin, and paclitaxel had the highest kinetic unit values. Conclusion: Using a panel of agents simulating clinical dose regimens, the MiCK assay was feasible in evaluating in vitro chemosensitivity of endometrial cancer. MiCK assay results correlated with GOG clinical trial results. However,25% of patients might be best treated with single agent chemotherapy selected by MiCK. Ifosfamide, cisplatin, and paclitaxel appear to have high activity as single agents. MiCK may be useful in future new drug testing and individualizing endometrial cancer patient’s chemotherapy management.

Doors of perception: national security politics, threat perceptions, and North Korea`s pursuit of a credible deterrent

( Kyle M Ballard ) 한국국방연구원 2008 The Korean Journal of Defense Analysis Vol.20 No.3

Analysts of international relations often assume a ````billiard-ball model```` of state behavior. This paper argues that, in analyzing the dynamic in which the Democratic People`s Republic of Korea (DPRK) has opted to pursue nuclear weapons and ballistic missile programs, analysts must take a more complex approach. Such an approach must consider the nuances of each state actor and these nuances` contribution to the perception of threat a state projects. Specifically, this paper follows the development of the national missile defense debate in the United States Congress and, upon this, projects the development of the North Korean ballistic missile and nuclear weapons programs. This paper shows how the necessity to oversell or inflate a threat due to the nature of American political institutions has inadvertently escalated the perceived threat held by the DPRK. Therefore, the domestic politics and the political landscape of the United States have undermined the cohesion of its national security policy.

DISCERNING THE GORPEL - Seventh Annual Lecture

(Reverend Paul H . Ballard) 연세대학교 한국기독교문화연구소 1998 신학논총 Vol.4 No.-

Automated atomically precise lithography over multiple length scales for complete nanodevice fabrication

James OWEN,Joshua BALLARD,Scott SCHMUCKER,Ehud FUCHS,John RANDALL,James VON EHR,Bjorn PIGLOSIEWICZ 한국진공학회 2016 한국진공학회 학술발표회초록집 Vol.2016 No.8

Error Analysis of Korean-English Bilingual Children’s Speech Productions

Jae-Hyun Kim,Elaine Ballard,Clare McCann 한국언어재활사협회 2016 Clinical Archives of Communication Disorders Vol.1 No.1

Purpose: Type of surface-level speech errors can be diagnostically valuable information to identify children with speech sound disorder (SSD). There is a lack of such information for bilingual children, which makes identifying bilingual children with SSD a significant challenge. This article reports on error production in Korean-English bilingual (KEB) children. Methods: Single-word samples were collected from 52 KEB children aged between 3;0 and 7;11. The word productions were analysed for error and compared to the existing date from monolingual English-speaking (ME) and monolingual Korean-speaking (MK) children. Results: While some children’s error production was similar to what would be expected in respective monolingual children, other children produced errors that would be considered delay, atypical or even advanced for their monolingual counterparts in both of their languages. No reliable factors could be identified to determine the characteristics associated with delay, atypical or advanced error production compared to monolingual children. Conclusions: There are qualitative differences in phonological development between monolingual and bilingual children. The clinical use of available monolingual normative data is likely to lead to an inaccurate diagnosis of SSD. Small cohort studies in bilingual phonological development should not be taken as normative data in clinical practice due to heterogeneity.

Phonological Skills in Korean-English Bilingual Children: Phonetic Inventory and Segmental Accuracy

Jae-Hyun Kim,Elaine Ballard,Clare McCann 한국언어재활사협회 2017 Clinical Archives of Communication Disorders Vol.2 No.2

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe phonological skills in Korean-English bilingual children aged between 3;0 and 7;11. The findings can contribute to our knowledge of bilingual children’s phonological development, facilitating the clinical assessment procedures for bilingual children with suspected speech sound disorders. Methods: Single word samples were collected and were analysed for phonetic inventory and segmental accuracy. The findings were compared against the available monolingual studies. Results: The age of mastery of phonological systems was similar to that expected in monolingual children in both languages. However, there were considerable differences in the trajectory towards in their phonological development in both languages. Conclusions: Phonological development in KEB children was qualitatively different from respective monolingual children. The qualitative differences in KEB children can be attributed to the cross-linguistic interaction between the two phonological systems. Cross-linguistic interactions reflect reorganisation of the two phonological systems wherein a dynamic process of re-specifying phonemes and their realisation rules for each language takes place. The clinical implications are discussed.

A unique histone deacetylase inhibitor alters microRNA expression and signal transduction in chemoresistant ovarian cancer cells.

Balch, Curt,Naegeli, Kaleb,Nam, Seungyoon,Ballard, Brett,Hyslop, Alan,Melki, Christina,Reilly, Elizabeth,Hur, Man-Wook,Nephew, Kenneth P Landes Bioscience 2012 Cancer Biology & Therapy Vol.13 No.8

<P>Previously, we demonstrated potent antineoplastic activity of a distinctive histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACI), AR42, against chemoresistant CP70 ovarian cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Here, in follow-up to that work, we explored AR42 global mechanisms-of-action by examining drug-associated, genome-wide microRNA and mRNA expression profiles, which differed from those of the well-studied HDACI vorinostat. Expression of microRNA genes in negative correlation with their 'target' coding gene (mRNA) transcripts, and transcription factor genes with expression positively correlated with coding genes having their cognate binding sites, were identified and subjected to gene ontology analyses. Those evaluations showed AR42 gene expression patterns to negatively correlate with Wnt signaling (> 18-fold induction of SFRP1), the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (40% decreased ATF1), and cell cycle progression (33-fold increased 14-3-3σ). By contrast, AR42 transcriptome alterations correlated positively with extrinsic ('death receptor') apoptosis (> 2.3-fold upregulated DAPK) and favorable ovarian cancer histopathology and prognosis. Inhibition of Wnt signaling was experimentally validated by: (1) > 2.6-fold reduced Wnt reporter activity; and (2) 36% reduction in nuclear, activated β-catenin. Likely AR42 induction of multiple (type I or type II autophagic) cell death cascades was further supported by 57% decreased reliance upon reactive oxygen, increased mitochondrial membrane disruption, and caspase independence, as compared with vorinostat. Taken together, we demonstrate distinct antineoplastic pathway alterations, in aggressive ovarian cancer cells, following treatment with a promising HDACI, AR42. These combined computational and experimental approaches may also represent a straightforward means for mechanistic studies of other promising antineoplastics, and/or the identification of agents that may complement epigenetic therapies.</P>

Employment Relations Ideologies and Cooperative Partnership Approaches to Bargaining

Ian McAndrew,Fiona Edgar,Alan Geare,Matt Ballard 한국고용노사관계학회 2010 産業關係硏究 Vol.20 No.1

Workplace partnerships are likely to be influenced by a variety of factors. For example, since 2000 legislation in New Zealand has encouraged unions and management to work together. Research also suggests managerial values and beliefs about employment relations is a factor with the potential to influence workplace partnership behavior, and so too is past experience. These factors are not mutually exclusive. This exploratory study examines some of these relationships. In doing so it makes an assessment of the ideological orientations of a group of employers in New Zealand and explores how these relate to their attitudes and actual behaviours associated with cooperative partnerships with unions. We find a difference to exist between attitudes held by managers and their actual bargaining behaviours. Illustrative of this pragmatism is that employers keep the union at a distance when that is perceived to be in the best interests of protecting the organisation and managerial prerogatives, but co-operate with the union when ‘enlightened self interest’ suggests that is the way to best serve management’s needs. We suggest one possible explanation for this difference is that pragmatism is more dominant in guiding behavior than is ideology.