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Colovesical Fistula: Should It Be Considered a Single Disease?
Qamar Hafeez Kiani,Mark L. George,Emin A. Carapeti,Alexis M. P. Schizas,Andrew B. Williams 대한대장항문학회 2015 Annals of Coloproctolgy Vol.31 No.2
different aetiologies. Methods: Retrospective data were collected from 2002 to 2012 and analyzed with SPSS ver. 17. Age, gender, aetiology, management, hospital stay, postoperative complications, and mortality were studied and compared among colovesical fistulae of different aetiologies. Results: A total of 55 patients, 46 males (84%) and 9 females (16%), with a median age of 65 years (interquartile range [IQR], 48–75 years) were studied. Diverticular disease was the most common benign cause and recto-sigmoid cancer the most common malignancy. Anterior resection and bladder repair were the most frequent operations in benign cases, as was total pelvic exenteration in the malignant group. Multiple intestinal loop involvement and subsequent resection were significantly higher in those with Crohn disease than it was in patients of colovesical fistula due to all other causes collectively (60% vs. 6%, P = 0.006). Patients with malignancy had a higher postoperative complication rate than patients who did not (12 [80%] vs. 7 [32%], P = 0.0005). Pelvic collection (11, 22%) was the most frequent early complication (predominantly in the malignant group) whereas incisional hernia (8, 22%) was the most common late complication, with a predominance in the benign group. The median hospital stay was significantly prolonged in the malignant group (32 days; IQR, 17–70 days vs. 16 days; IQR, 11–25 days; P < 0.001). Conclusion: Despite their having similar clinical presentation, colovesical fistulae of various aetiologies differ significantly in management and outcome.
Anti-cancer Effect of Hyoscyamus muticus Extract via Its Activation of Fas/FasL-ASK1-p38 Pathway
Amer Ali Abd El-Hafeez,Hala Mohamed M. Marzouk,Mohamed A. A. Abdelhamid,Hazim O. Khalifa,Tamer H. A. Hasanin,Ahmed G. K. Habib,Fatma Mahmoud Abdelwahed,Fatma M. Barakat,Eslam M. Bastawy,Eman M. B. Abd 한국생물공학회 2022 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.27 No.5
Hyoscyamus muticus L. is a traditional medicine used as antispasmodic and sedative. Herein, we aimed to determine the phytochemical constituents and for the first time its anti-cancer activities. The phytochemical constituents of the different extracts were evaluated by calorimetric methods. The anti-cancer activities of the extracts were tested against leukemia, breast, renal, and prostate cancers cell lines. 4, 6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining, flow cytometric analysis, knockdown of ASK1, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were evaluated to clarify the mechanism of action. Phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of wide range of phytoconstituents. Hyoscyamus muticus methanolic extracts (HMME) showed the highest anti-cancer activities against leukemia, breast, renal, and prostate cancers as compared to ethanol and aqueous extracts. Specifically, HMME exerted cytotoxic effect against the MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines with IC50 values of 8.75 and 7.25 μg/mL, respectively. Mechanistically, DAPI staining and flow cytometric analysis revealed that HMME induces apoptosis via the death receptor, FAS, but not the mitochondrial pathway. Moreover, ASK1 and p38 were rapidly activated in response to HMME, and knockdown of ASK1 by a small interference of RNA specific to Ask1 attenuated p38 and caspase-3 activation and suppressed apoptosis, implying that HMME-induced apoptosis relies on the ASK1-p38-caspase-3 pathway. Furthermore, we confirmed that cellular ROS generation was a critical mediator in HMME-induced apoptosis because the ROSscavenger N-acetyl cysteine significantly decreased the phosphorylation of ASK1 and HMME-induced apoptosis. Our results confirmed HMME cytotoxic effects in TNBCs via ROS-dependent activation of the Fas/FasL-ASK1-p38 axis.
Current developments in esterification reaction: A review on process and parameters
Zarmeena Khan,Fahed Javed,Zufishan Shamair,Ainy Hafeez,Tahir Fazal,Ambreen Aslam,William B. Zimmerman,Fahad Rehman 한국공업화학회 2021 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.103 No.-
Esters are among the highest volume of industrial organic compounds produced. They are frequentlyemployed in various domestic and industrial processes. Fischer esterification regarded as the most commonand widely practiced process of ester synthesis, faces serious limitations of low conversion and highreaction time attributed largely to establishment of equilibrium. Ester hydrolysis, reverse reaction toesterification, starts by supply of a byproduct- water. Several approaches have been developed to avoidequilibrium establishment and to improve overall conversion and rate of reaction, a significant differenceexists between the current industrial practices and optimum esterification process/conditions. In the currentreview, a critical analysis of esterification techniques is conducted. Catalytic, non-catalytic thermalesterification, enzymatic esterification, along with factors affecting their productivity are discussed indetail. The current barriers, future challenges and potential of the esterification technologies are analyzed. Based on the comprehensive-data analysis, a novel technology-based solution is proposed.
Dietary Zinc and Prostate Cancer in the TRAMP Mouse Model
Ananda S. Prasad,Hasan Mukhtar,Frances W.J. Beck,Vaqar M. Adhami,Imtiaz A. Siddiqui,Maria Din,Bilal B. Hafeez,Omer Kucuk 한국식품영양과학회 2010 Journal of medicinal food Vol.13 No.1
Circumstantial evidence indicates that zinc may have an important role in the prostate. Total zinc levels in the prostate are 10 times higher than in other soft tissues. Zinc concentrations in prostate epithethial cancer cells are decreased significantly. Zinc supplementation for prevention and treatment of prostate cancer in humans has yielded controversial results. No studies have been reported in animal models to show the effect of zinc supplementation on prevention of prostate cancer, thus far. In this study, we have examined the effect of zinc supplementation on development of prostate cancer in a TRAMP mouse model. Results from our study indicate that dietary zinc plays an important role in prostate carcinogenesis. Tumor weights were significantly higher when the dietary zinc intake was either deficient or high in comparison to normal zinc intake level, suggesting that an optimal dietary zinc intake may play a protective role against prostate cancer. Further, our studies also showed decreased insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 and IGF-1/IGF binding protein-3 ratio in normal zinc-supplemented animals, suggesting that zinc may modulate IGF-1 metabolism in relation to carcinogenesis. We conclude that optimal prostate zinc concentration has a protective role against cancer.