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Work-Family Conflict among Service Employees in Malaysia: Do Sociodemographic Factors Matter?
Nurhamiza Mumin,Syed Azizi Wafa Syed Khalid Wafa 한국사회과학협의회 2018 Korean Social Science Journal Vol.45 No.1
Individuals are often occupied with multiple social roles, which makes it necessary to consider the significance of each role separately. Particular roles require a certain amount of time and a specific demand to be fulfilled, which can be rather onerous. The competition for an individual’s finite resources such as time and energy often leads to irreconcilability between the work and family domains. The process of determining which of coexisting multiple selves should be prioritized is subject to the surroundings, personal preferences, and micro settings such as the sociodemographic background of the individual. Therefore, this study examines the influence of different sociodemographic factors on work-family conflict. Service employees from five main cities in Malaysia were surveyed and the data were analyzed with a regression- based approach. The findings indicate that employees in the service industry experience more work-to-family conflict (WFC) compared to family-to-work conflict (FWC). There is no significant relationship between marital status, parental status, or type of employment and work-family conflict. However, women were less likely to experience FWC than men. A significant relationship was found between ethnicity, specifically for Malaysian-Chinese and Malaysian-Indians, and work-family conflict. The study sheds some light on the influence of different social factors on work-family conflict. It may serve as a foundation to develop better work arrangements in assisting individuals to manage their multiple responsibilitie
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Mild hydrocracking of 1-methyl naphthalene (1-MN) over alumina modified zeolite
박주일,Syed Ahmed Ali,Khalid Alhooshani,Nor Azizi,Jin Miyawaki,김태곤,이영진,김현석,윤성호,Isao Mochida 한국공업화학회 2013 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.19 No.2
The catalytic activity and life of the NiMoS supported on alumina–USY zeolite (physical mixture of alumina and USY (NMAZ), USY zeolite coated with alumina (NMACZ-2)) were compared in the hydrocracking of 1-methyl naphthalene by a single run at the several reaction temperatures between 360 and 400 8C as well as repeated runs at 360 8C. The relative activity of NMAZ is slightly higher after 1 h at all reaction temperatures, but was lower after 2 h at reaction temperatures above 380 8C. The preference of NMACZ-2 became distinct and definite by further increasing the reaction time at all reaction temperatures. Too long reaction time, particularly at higher reaction temperature, decreased the yield of (alkyl)benzenes, indicating the significant progress of the successive reactions. Thus, the highest yield of alkyl(benzenes) of about 97% was obtained over NMACZ-2 after 4 h at 380–390 8C. This was much less than the yield of about 82% obtained over NMAZ after 4 h at 370 8C. Ten repeated runs at 360 8C for 6 h resulted in marked decrease of yield over NMAZ from 73% to 64%, while the decrease in yield over NMACZ-2 was only from about 80% to 78%. The decrease of catalytic activity appears to reflect the coke formation on the USY which occurs on the naked acidic site of the substrate, which are rather isolated from the NiMoS on alumina. In contrast, alumina-coated support keeps USY underneath the alumina, which carries NiMoS and acidic sites on the same surface. The acidity of surface alumina is moderated by the underneath USY. The adequate acidity of the neighboring NiMoS and high hydrogenation activity provide a good balance resulting in an excellent catalytic activity and life of NiMoS supported on alumina-coated USY zeolite.
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