Effect of Egg Albumen, Vegetable Oil, Corn Bran, and Cooking Methods on Quality Characteristics of Chicken Nuggets Using Response Surface Methodology

Ashok Kumar Pathera,Charanjit Singh Riar,Sanjay Yadav,Pradeep Kumar Singh 한국축산식품학회 2018 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.38 No.5

Response surface methodology was used to study the effect of egg albumen (5–15 g), vegetable oil (5–15 g), and corn bran (5–15 g) on sensory and textural (firmness and toughness) quality of chicken nuggets cooked by the oven, steam, and microwave methods. The egg albumen and vegetable oil had a positive linear effect but corn bran had a negative linear effect at p<0.01 on sensory overall acceptability scores of nuggets. Firmness and toughness scores were increased significantly (p<0.01) with the increase in corn bran level in the formulation. The optimum level of egg albumen, vegetable oil, and corn bran were obtained and validated. Cooking methods also affected the sensory and textural quality of nuggets. Steam cooked nuggets had higher values of sensory scores than oven and microwave cooked nuggets. Oven cooked nuggets showed higher values of firmness and toughness than steam and microwave cooked nuggets. Results of this study suggest that emulsion based meat products can be enriched with dietary fiber source like corn bran without compromising the sensory and textural quality of the products.

Biodiesel production from oleander (Thevetia Peruviana) oil and its performance testing on a diesel engine

Ashok Kumar Yadav,Mohd Emran Khan,Amit Pal 한국화학공학회 2017 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.34 No.2

Oleander oil has been used as raw material for producing biodiesel using ultrasonic irradiation method at the frequency of 20 kHz and horn type reactor 50 watt. A two-step transesterification process was carried out for optimum condition of 0.45 v/v methanol to oil ratio, 1.2% v/v H2SO4 catalyst, 45 oC reaction temperature and 15min reaction time, followed by treatment with 0.25 v/v methanol to oil ratio, 0.75% w/v KOH alkaline catalyst, 50 oC reaction temperature and 15 min reaction time. The fuel properties of Oleander biodiesel so obtained confirmed the requirements of both the standards ASTM D6751 and EN 14214 for biodiesel. Further Oleander biodiesel-diesel blends were tested to evaluate the engine performance and emission characteristics. The performance and emission of 20% Oleander biodiesel blend (B20) gave a satisfactory result in diesel engines as the brake thermal efficiency increased 2.06% and CO and UHC emissions decreased 41.4% and 32.3% respectively, compared to mineral diesel. Comparative investigation of performance and emissions characteristics of Oleander biodiesel blends and mineral diesel showed that oleander seed is a potential source of biodiesel and blends up to 20% can be used for realizing better performance from an unmodified diesel engine.

Nanoparticles of FE₂O₃ and Zno and Microbial Interactions in Rice Rhizosphere

Ashok Patra,R C Yadav,Sarvender Kumar,T J Purakayashta,R Singh 한국토양비료학회 2014 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2014 No.6

High frequency direct plant regeneration from leaf, internode, and root segments of Eastern Cottonwood (Populus deltoides)

Rakesh Yadav,Pooja Arora,Dharmendar Kumar,Neeraj Dilbaghi,Ashok Chaudhury 한국식물생명공학회 2009 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.3 No.3

Simple, reproducible, high frequency, improved plant regeneration protocol in Eastern Cottonwood (Populus deltoides) clones, WIMCO199 and L34, has been reported. Initially, aseptic cultures established from axillary buds of nodal segments from mature plus trees on MS liquid medium supplemented with 0.25 mg l-1 KIN and 0.25 mg l-1 IAA. Nodal and internodal segments were found to be extraprolific over shoot apices during course of aseptic culture establishment, while 0.25 mg l-1 KIN concentration played a stimulatory role in high frequency plant regeneration. Diverse explants, such as various leaf segments, internodes, and roots from in vitro raised cultures, were employed. Direct plant regeneration was at high frequency of 92% in internodes, 88% in leaf segments, and 43% in root segments. This led to the formation of multiple shoot clusters on established culture media with rapid proliferation rates. Many-fold enhanced shoot elongation and growth of the clusters could be achieved on liquid MS medium supplemented with borosilicate glass beads, which offer physical support for proliferating shoots leading to faster growth in comparison to semi-solid agar or direct liquid medium. SEM examination of initial cultures confirmed direct plant regeneration events without intervening calli. In vitro regenerated plants induced roots on half-strength MS medium with 0.15 mg l-1 IAA. Rooted 5- to 6-week-old in vitro regenerated plants were transferred into a transgenic greenhouse in pots containing 1:1 mixture of vermicompost and soil at 27 ± 2C for hardening and acclimatization. 14- to 15-week-old well-established hardened plants were transplanted to the field and grown to maturity. The mature in vitro raised poplar trees exhibited a high survival rate of 85%; 4-year-old healthy trees attained an average height of 8 m and an average trunk diameter of 25 cm and have performed well under field conditions. The regeneration protocol presented here will be very useful for undertaking genetic manipulation, providing a value addition to Eastern Cottonwood propagation in future. Simple, reproducible, high frequency, improved plant regeneration protocol in Eastern Cottonwood (Populus deltoides) clones, WIMCO199 and L34, has been reported. Initially, aseptic cultures established from axillary buds of nodal segments from mature plus trees on MS liquid medium supplemented with 0.25 mg l-1 KIN and 0.25 mg l-1 IAA. Nodal and internodal segments were found to be extraprolific over shoot apices during course of aseptic culture establishment, while 0.25 mg l-1 KIN concentration played a stimulatory role in high frequency plant regeneration. Diverse explants, such as various leaf segments, internodes, and roots from in vitro raised cultures, were employed. Direct plant regeneration was at high frequency of 92% in internodes, 88% in leaf segments, and 43% in root segments. This led to the formation of multiple shoot clusters on established culture media with rapid proliferation rates. Many-fold enhanced shoot elongation and growth of the clusters could be achieved on liquid MS medium supplemented with borosilicate glass beads, which offer physical support for proliferating shoots leading to faster growth in comparison to semi-solid agar or direct liquid medium. SEM examination of initial cultures confirmed direct plant regeneration events without intervening calli. In vitro regenerated plants induced roots on half-strength MS medium with 0.15 mg l-1 IAA. Rooted 5- to 6-week-old in vitro regenerated plants were transferred into a transgenic greenhouse in pots containing 1:1 mixture of vermicompost and soil at 27 ± 2C for hardening and acclimatization. 14- to 15-week-old well-established hardened plants were transplanted to the field and grown to maturity. The mature in vitro raised poplar trees exhibited a high survival rate of 85%; 4-year-old healthy trees attained an average height of 8 m and an average trunk diameter of 25 cm and have performed well under field conditions. The regeneration protocol presented here will be very useful for undertaking genetic manipulation, providing a value addition to Eastern Cottonwood propagation in future.

Unraveling the Web of Health Misinformation: Exploring the Characteristics, Emotions, and Motivations of Misinformation During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Vinit Yadav,Yukti Dhadwal,Rubal Kanozia,Shri Ram Pandey,Ashok Kumar 충남대학교 아시아여론연구소 2024 Asian journal for public opinion research Vol.12 No.1

The proliferation of health misinformation gained momentum amidst the outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). People stuck in their homes, without work pressure, regardless of health concerns towards personal, family, or peer groups, consistently demanded information. People became engaged with misinformation while attempting to find health information content. This study used the content analysis method and analyzed 1,154 misinformation stories from four prominent signatories of the International Fact-Checking Network during the pandemic. The study finds the five main categories of misinformation related to the COVID-19 pandemic. These are 1) the severity of the virus, 2) cure, prevention, and treatment, 3) myths and rumors about vaccines, 4) health authorities' guidelines, and 5) personal and social impacts. Various sub-categories supported the content characteristics of these categories. The study also analyzed the emotional valence of health misinformation. It was found that misinformation containing negative sentiments got higher engagement during the pandemic. Positive and neutral sentiment misinformation has less reach. Surprise, fear, and anger/aggressive emotions highly affected people during the pandemic; in general, people and social media users warning people to safeguard themselves from COVID-19 and creating a confusing state were found as the primary motivation behind the propagation of misinformation. The present study offers valuable perspectives on the mechanisms underlying the spread of health-related misinformation amidst the COVID-19 outbreak. It highlights the significance of discerning the accuracy of information and the feelings it conveys in minimizing the adverse effects on the well-being of public health.

Application of machine learning and genetic algorithms to the prediction and optimization of biodiesel yield from waste cooking oil

Ahmad Aqueel,Yadav Ashok Kumar,Singh Achhaibar 한국화학공학회 2023 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.40 No.12

The synthesis and usage of biodiesel have become the focus of extensive research due to the ever-increasing emphasis on the development of sustainable and renewable sources. As biodiesel yield and quality depend on the feedstocks used in transesterification, numerous process variables must be controlled at optimal levels to ensure high productivity throughout the biodiesel synthesis process. This study provides three machine learning-based approaches (Gradient boosting, eXtreme gradient boosting (XGB), and light gradient boosting machine (LGBM) regression) for prediction and genetic algorithm (GA) for the optimization of biodiesel yield from waste cooking oil. Throughout the modeling, training, testing, and cross-validation processes, supervised machine learning methods were used to analyze the datasets exhaustively. Four performance indicators (MAE, RMSE, MAPE, and R2) were used to evaluate and contrast the precision of the algorithms. Based on the findings of the coefficient of determination, the LGBM algorithm has the highest prediction accuracy of 0.94048, followed by XGB with 0.8631 accuracy and gradient boosting with 0.8547 accuracy. The optimal condition for producing biodiesel through GA was a molar ratio of 7.62:1 with a catalyst concentration of 0.5 wt%, a reaction temperature of 65 °C, and a reaction time of 105 min and the corresponding value of the biodiesel yield was 98.98% (by wt.). Experiments confirmed this prediction, and with acceptable error, all results are close to the model’s predicted values. The LGBM coupled with GA can be used as a strategic decision-support and optimization tool for the production of high-quality biodiesel.

Effectiveness of pre-injection use of cryoanesthesia as compared to topical anesthetic gel in reducing pain perception during palatal injections: a randomized controlled trial

Siddhartha Rai,Mehul Rajesh Jaisani,Ashok Dongol,Pradeep Acharya,Anjani Kumar Yadav 대한치과마취과학회 2024 Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine Vol.24 No.2

Background: Palatal injections are often painful. We aimed to compare topical ice and 20% benzocaine gel for pre-injection anesthesia before greater palatine nerve block (GPNB) injections. Methods: A randomized split-mouth clinical trial was conducted among patients aged 15-60-years needing bilateral GPNB injections. A total of 120 palatal sites from 60 patients were randomly allocated to Group A (topical ice) or Group B (20% benzocaine gel). Pain was evaluated using sound, eye, motor (SEM), and the visual analog scale (VAS) in both groups. Inferential analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney U test. Results: The mean age of the participants was 20.5 ± 3.9 years. The median VAS score for group A was 11 (Q1 - Q3: 5.25 - 21.75), which was slightly higher than the 10 (Q1 - Q3: 4.0 – 26.75) reported in group B. However, the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.955). The median SEM score for group A and group B was 3.5 (Q1 - Q3: 3.0 – 4.0) and 4.0 (Q1 - Q3: 3.0 - 4.0), respectively, which was statistically insignificant (P = 0.869). Conclusion: Using ice as a form of topical anesthetic for achieving pre-injection anesthesia before GPNB was as effective as 20% benzocaine gel.