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Murasawa, Hideki,Konno, Ryo,Okubo, Ichiro,Arakawa, Ichiro Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.22
Background: When evaluating health-economics for cervical cancer prevention policies in Japan, it is important to use Japanese value settings. This study aimed to obtain preference-based measures (preference measures) for hypothesized health states among healthy Japanese women, and to examine differences between the EuroQol-5D (EQ-5D) and standard gamble (SG) instruments. Materials and Methods: The investigation was performed among female students at a nursing university. We used written hypothetical scenarios describing three grades of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and eight stages of cervical cancer, both at diagnosis and after medical intervention. Preference measures were evaluated using both EQ-5D and SG. Results: We received responses from 136 women. The mean number of respondents per stage was 24.6 (SD: 2.7). At diagnosis, average EQ-5D scores for CIN1, CIN2, CIN3, IA1, IA2, IB1, IB2, IIA, IIB, III, and IV stages were 0.84 (0.14), 0.78 (0.12), 0.73 (0.10), 0.78 (0.12), 0.72 (0.12), 0.63 (0.13), 0.64 (0.12), 0.68 (0.08), 0.62 (0.13), 0.55 (0.21), and 0.18 (0.24), respectively. Using one-way analysis of variance with the Tukey-Kramer method for multiple comparisons (each stage vs. CIN1), we found significant differences for IB1 and more advanced stages (p<0.05). After medical intervention, corresponding EQ-5D scores were 0.84 (0.12), 0.81 (0.12), 0.84 (0.12), 0.80 (0.15), 0.78 (0.11), 0.64 (0.15), 0.63 (0.15), 0.71 (0.15), 0.50 (0.17), 0.52 (0.17), 0.21 (0.28). The multiple comparisons identified significant differences for IB1 and more advanced stages, excepting IIA (p<0.05). SG evaluations were more variable and relatively higher than EQ-5D evaluations. Conclusions: We obtained preference measures for three grades of CIN1-3 and eight stages of cervical cancer. In combination with appropriate sensitivity analyses, these preference measures will provide a basis for an economic evaluation of cervical cancer prevention in Japan. We suggest that EQ-5D is appropriate for cost-utility analysis of this topic.
Preliminary Study of the Apparatus for Electron Stimulated Desorption of Rare Gas Solids
Hong, Seung Soo,Chung, Kwang Hwa,Shin, Yong Hyeon,Sung, Eun Jung,Arakawa, Ichiro Trans Tech Publications, Ltd. 2005 Key engineering materials Vol.277 No.-
<P>An electron stimulated desorption (ESD) experimental system consisting of a ultrahigh vacuum chamber, micro channel plate, electron gun, quadrupole mass spectrometer, liquid helium and liquid nitrogen cryostat, and a gas supply tube etc., was set up and evaluated in order to investigate desorption particles at the surface of rare gas solids (RGS). Ar was deposited on the copper sample for 200 seconds at a pressure of 6.3 x 10-4 Pa. Ion currents from the RGS during bombardment at various electron gun energies were measured. These increased proportionally with filament currents between 1.5 A and 1.75 A. With the electron gun turned on, the dominant residual species in the vacuum chamber were H2O, H2, C, O, N2, Ar, and CO2, as measured using a quadrupole mass spectrometer (QMS). The H2O partial pressure was almost 50 % of the total pressure, and that of the other gas species were lower than 20 %. Before starting the experiments, the ultimate base pressure of the ultrahigh vacuum chamber reached 10-8 Pa.</P>
스테인레스 스틸 고진공용기에 부착된 열음극 전리진공게이지의 주변 온도변화에 따른 압력요동
홍승수(S. S. Hong),임인태(I. T. Lim),신용현(Y. H. Shin),정광화(K. H. Chung),이치로 아라카와(Ichiro Arakawa) 한국진공학회(ASCT) 2004 Applied Science and Convergence Technology Vol.13 No.2
스테인레스 스틸로 가공된 진공용기에 제조회사와 사양이 각각 다른 세 개의 열음극 전리진공게이지를 부착하고 실험실 온도변화에 따른 게이지들의 압력요동 특성을 조사하였다. 상온 근방의 최소 20℃와 최대 26 ℃에서의 압력 편차는 각각 IG1은 5.0%, IG2는 5.3 %, 그리고 IG3은 10.3%이었다. 그러나 온도 21.5℃에서 22.5℃ 구간에서의 압력변화는 모두 게이지들의 불확도 보다 작고 안정한 성능을 보였다. 본 연구결과 상온 고진공에서 열음극 전리진공게이지의 압력변화는 게이지 자체의 특성 때문에 아니고 실험실 온도 때문에 변화는 압력변화에 기인한 것임을 알 수 있었다. Three hot cathode ionization gauges (HCIG) were used to study their responses of pressure measurements at the stainlee steel high vacuum (HV) chamber around room temperatures. The pressure variations of HV measured by the three HCIGs between 20 ℃ and 26 ℃ were 5.0 %, 5.3 %, and 10.3 %, respectively. However, pressure differences between 21.5 ℃ and 22.5 ℃ were lower than the gauges uncertainly limits. The pressure variations of the HCIGs at the<br/> HV chamber was not directly affected by gauge characteristics, but pressure changes due to room temperatures.
크라이오 펌프를 이용한 스테인레스 스틸 고진공용기 배기에서 2차 냉각판 온도와 용기 내부의 기체 부분압 관계
홍승수,임종연,신용현,정광화,Hong S. S.,Lim J. Y.,Shin Y. H.,Chung K. H.,Arakawa Ichiro 한국진공학회 2004 Applied Science and Convergence Technology Vol.13 No.4
Recently, the importance of clean vacuum and partial pressure measurement of gas species has been increased in the vaccum process. In this study, the partial pressures of $H_2$, He, C, N, $O_2$, $H_2O $, Ar/2, $N_2$(CO), Ar, $CO_2$ were measured by residual gas analyzer according to temperature of cryogenic pump which is used to clean vacuum generation and compared. The experimental results showed that the cryopanel temperature was reached to 12K after 72 minutes of pumping and after 25hours, the partial pressures in percent were 24.9 %, 6.6%, 5.5 %, 2.2 %, 3.8%, 30.7%, 6.5%, 6.1 %, 5.5%, 8.2% for $H_2$, He, C, N, $O_2$, $H_2O $, Ar/2, $N_2$, Ar, $CO_2$ respectively. The dominant gases were $H_2$ and $H_2O $, and the partial pressures were relatively high compare to other gases. 최근에는 진공공정에서 용기내의 청정도와 잔류기체의 부분압에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 청정진공 발생에 많이 사용되고 있는 크라이오 펌프의 냉각판 온도에 따른 $H_2$, He, C, N, $O_2$, $H_2O$, Ar/2, $N_2$(CO), Ar, $CO_2$의 부분압을 잔류기체분석기로 측정하여 비교하였다. 크라이오 펌프를 켜고 약 72분이 지났을 때 펌프의 냉각판 온도가 12K에 도달하였으며, 25시간이 경과하여 온도가 충분하게 낮아졌을 때 부분압은 $H_2$, He, C, N, $O_2$, $H_2O$, Ar/2, $N_2$, Ar, $CO_2$순으로 24.9%, 6.6%, 5.5%, 2.2%, 3.8%, 30.7%, 6.5%, 6.1%, 5.5 %, 8.2%로 $H_2$와 $H_2O $압력이 상대적으로 높은 것을 알 수 있었다.