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The Spectrum of Genetic Mutations in Breast Cancer
Sheikh, Asfandyar,Hussain, Syed Ather,Ghori, Quratulain,Naeem, Nida,Fazil, Abul,Giri, Smith,Sathian, Brijesh,Mainali, Prajeena,Al Tamimi, Dalal M Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.6
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women around the world. About one in 12 women in the West develop breast cancer at some point in life. It is estimated that 5%-10% of all breast cancer cases in women are linked to hereditary susceptibility due to mutations in autosomal dominant genes. The two key players associated with high breast cancer risk are mutations in BRCA 1 and BRCA 2. Another highly important mutation can occur in TP53 resulting in a triple negative breast cancer. However, the great majority of breast cancer cases are not related to a mutated gene of high penetrance, but to genes of low penetrance such as CHEK2, CDH1, NBS1, RAD50, BRIP1 and PALB2, which are frequently mutated in the general population. In this review, we discuss the entire spectrum of mutations which are associated with breast cancer.
Bahaa Al-Sheikh,Mohammad Shukri Salman,Alaa Eleyan 대한전자공학회 2021 IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing & Computing Vol.10 No.5
The spectral features of pressure characterized by the human outer ear, head, and torso are vital for sound localization in humans, especially for sound above 5 kHz. Many studies have shown that spectral notches contribute significantly as cues for this purpose. These spectral notches and their center frequencies depend on the shape and geometry of each individual, so their characteristics are different between individuals. We used wavelet multi-resolution analysis to automatically detect the center frequencies of spectral notches in head-related transfer functions (HRTFs). Auto-detection of these notches at certain locations for an individual helps in using suitable, complete, 3D HRTFs from HRTF datasets that have similar notch characteristics for an individual. Symlet and Daubechies wavelets were successfully used at different decomposition levels for this purpose. Symlet2 gives the best performance in terms of the auto-detection sensitivity.
The Outlook for the World Oil Market
H. E. Sheikh Ali Al-Khalifa Al(쉐이크 알리 알칼리파 알사바) 한국해양공학회 1989 韓國海洋工學會誌 Vol.3 No.1
석유 산유국과 소비국들이 당면한 문제는 더 이상 70년대 또는 80년대에 있었던 석유값 쇼크에 대해 극복하거나 조정하는 것이 아니고 서로 협력하여 석유시장에 안정을 가져오고 이 전략적이고 필수적인 상품에 다시 생겨난 세계적인 요구를 양측에 모두 만족시켜 미래의 석유공급의 안정과 적절한 공급을 확실히 하는데 있다.<br/> 에너지와 석유시장의 단기전망은 공급과잉과 유가의 하락으로 특정지워지는 반면, 장기전망은 OPEC이 생산하는 석유의 수요가 늘고 비 OPEC의 공급이 정체됨으로 해서 향후 10년간은 점차적으로 석유의 안정을 찾을 것으로 보인다. 세계는 지난 4년동안 저유가 시대에 살아왔고 OPEC에서 원한다면 아마 앞으로 4~6년 동안은 저유가 시대가 될 것이다. 1배럴당 14~18달러의 가격 수준은 세계경제에 이익을 줄 수 있고 높은 성장을 가능케 할 것이다. 석유의 생산과 소비의 추세를 분석해 보면 대체적으로 OPEC 특히 아랍만의 생산국들이 미래에는 석유시장에서 지배적인 지위를 다시 얻을 것으로 보인다.<br/> 안정의 기반 아래에서 능률적이고 자연스러운 협조를 가능케 하기 위해서는 석유시장이 부당하게 조절되거나 산유국이나 소비국에 의해서 안정시키는데 OPEC 국가들과 협력함으로써 이익을 추구할 수 있을 것으로 본다.
Md. Rashed-Al-Mahfuz,Mohammad Ali Moni,Pietro Lio’,Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam,Shlomo Berkovsky,Matloob Khushi,Julian M. W. Quinn 대한의용생체공학회 2021 Biomedical Engineering Letters (BMEL) Vol.11 No.2
Medical practitioners need to understand the critical features of ECG beats to diagnose and identify cardiovascular conditionsaccurately. This would be greatly facilitated by identifying the signifi cant features of frequency components in temporalECG wave-forms using computational methods. In this study, we have proposed a novel ECG beat classifi er based ona customized VGG16-based Convolution Neural Network (CNN) that uses the time-frequency representation of temporalECG, and a method to identify the contribution of interpretable ECG frequencies when classifying based on the SHapleyAdditive exPlanations (SHAP) values. We applied our model to the MIT-BIH arrhythmia dataset to classify the ECG beatsand to characterise of the beats frequencies. This model was evaluated with two advanced time-frequency analysis methods. Our results indicated that for 2-4 classes our proposed model achieves a classifi cation accuracy of 100% and for 5 classes itachieves a classifi cation accuracy of 99.90%. We have also tested the proposed model using premature ventricular contractionbeats from the American Heart Association (AHA) database and normal beats from Lobachevsky University Electrocardiographydatabase (LUDB) and obtained a classifi cation accuracy of 99.91% for the 5-classes case. In addition, SHAP valueincreased the interpretability of the ECG frequency features. Thus, this model could be applicable to the automation of thecardiovascular diagnosis system and could be used by clinicians.
Yazeed A. Al-Sheikh,Lakshmana K. Gowda,M. Marie Mohammed Ali,James John,Dabwan Khaled Homoud Mohammed,Pradeep Chikkabidare Shashidhar 대한진단검사의학회 2014 Annals of Laboratory Medicine Vol.34 No.5
Background Streptococcus pneumoniae causes life-threatening infections such as meningitis, pneumonia, and febrile bacteremia, particularly in young children. The increasing number of drug-resistant isolates has highlighted the necessity for intervening and controlling disease. To achieve this, information is needed on serotype distribution and patterns of antibiotic resistance in children. Methods All cases of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in children aged less than 15 yr recorded at King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, were reviewed for serotyping and antibiotic susceptibility. Isolates were collected from 78 consecutive patients with IPD between 2009 and 2012. All collected isolates were subjected to serotyping by co-agglutination, sequential multiplex PCR, and single PCR sequetyping as previously described. Results The most frequently isolated IPD serotypes were 23F, 6B, 19F, 18C, 4, 14, and 19A, which are listed in decreasing order and cover 77% of total isolates. The serotype coverage for the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV)7, PCV10, and PCV13 was 77%, 81%, and 90%, respectively. Results from sequential multiplex PCR agreed with co-agglutination results. All serotypes could not be correctly identified using single PCR sequetyping. Minimum inhibitory concentration showed that 50 (64%) isolates were susceptible to penicillin, whereas 70 (90%) isolates were susceptible to cefotaxime. Conclusions The most common pneumococcal serotypes occur with frequencies similar to those found in countries where the PCV has been introduced. The most common serotypes in this study are included in the PCVs. Addition of 23A and 15 to the vaccine would improve the PCV performance in IPD prevention.
On the Propagation of Harmonic Heat Waves due to a Periodic System of Punches on an Infinite Strip
M. G. El-Sheikh ...et al KYUNGPOOK UNIVERSITY 2000 Kyungpook mathematical journal Vol.40 No.2
A mixed heat conductivity problem of the Dirichlet-Neumann type in a rectangular region is reduced to a Hilbert-type singular integral equation. In this equation, the unknown is the unbounded extension of the heat flow (the Neumann condition) which can be found in L_(p), 0 < p < 4/3. Such solutions are of great physical interest. To complete the definition of the solution, the problem is further reduced to an infinite system of algebraic equations. The solution of this system through truncation is justified.
Scope and challenges of nanoparticle-based mRNA delivery in cancer treatment
Md. Emranul Karim,Sheikh Tanzina Haque,Hamed Al-Busaidi,Athirah Bakhtiar,Kyi Kyi Tha,Mark M. Banaszak Holl,Ezharul Hoque Chowdhury 대한약학회 2022 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.45 No.12
Messenger RNA (mRNA) recently emerged asan appealing alternative to treat and prevent diseases rangingfrom cancer and Alzheimer’s disease to COVID-19 withsignifi cant clinical outputs. The in vitro-transcribed mRNAhas been engineered to mimic the structure of natural mRNAfor vaccination, cancer immunotherapy and protein replacementtherapy. In past decades, signifi cant progress has beennoticed in unveiling the molecular pathways of mRNA,controlling its translatability and stability, and its evolutionarydefense mechanism. However, numerous unsolvedstructural, biological, and technical diffi culties hamper thesuccessful implementation of systemic delivery of mRNAfor safer human consumption. Advances in designing and manufacturing mRNA and selecting innovative deliveryvehicles are mandatory to address the unresolved issuesand achieve the full potential of mRNA drugs. Despite thesubstantial eff orts made to improve the intracellular deliveryof mRNA drugs, challenges associated with diverse applicationsin diff erent routes still exist. This study examines thecurrent progress of mRNA therapeutics and advancementsin designing biomaterials and delivery strategies, the existingtranslational challenges of clinical tractability and theprospects of overcoming any challenges related to mRNA.
Shade reproduction and the ability of lithium disilicate ceramics to mask dark substrates
Iravani, Maryam,Shamszadeh, Sayna,Panahandeh, Narges,Sheikh-Al-Eslamian, Seyedeh Mahsa,Torabzadeh, Hassan The Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry 2020 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.45 No.3
Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the ability of lithium disilicate ceramics to reproduce the A2 shade and to mask A4 substrates. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four discs (8 mm in diameter, shade A2) of high translucency (groups 1-3) and low translucency (groups 4-6) of IPS e.max ceramic with different thicknesses (0.5, 0.75, and 1 mm) were fabricated as monolithic structures. In addition, discs of medium opacity (group 7-8) with different core/veneer combinations (0.3 mm/0.7 mm and 0.5 mm/0.5 mm) were fabricated as bilayer structures. Specimens were superimposed on an A4 substrate (complex). The color changes of the complex were measured using a spectrophotometer on a black background, and the ΔE values of the complex were compared with either the A4 substrate or the A2 shade tab. One-way analysis of variance, the Tukey honest significant difference test, and the Fisher test were used to analyze the data (p < 0.05). Results: Significant between-group differences were found for comparisons to both the A4 substrate and the A2 shade (p < 0.05). When compared with the A4 substrate, the ΔE values in all groups were in the non-acceptable range. When compared with the A2 shade, the ΔE values in all groups, except groups 2 and 3, were in the clinically acceptable range. Conclusions: All translucencies and thicknesses masked the underlying dark substrate. However, the low-translucency IPS e.max Press better reproduced the A2 shade.