팔레스타인 시인 무리드 알 바르구티의 시 연구

마흐무드 아흐마드 압둘 가파르 조선대학교 국제문화연구원 2008 국제문화연구 Vol.1 No.1

Introduction to the poet The paper started with introducing the poet to the readers as follows: Palestinian poet Mourid Barghouthi was born on the 8Th of July 1944 in Deir Ghassana near Ramallah, Palestsne; He has published 12 books of poetry, the last of which is Muntasaf al-Lail(Midnight), Beirut, 2005. His Collected Works came out in Beirut in 1997. He was awarded the Palestine Award for Poetry (2000). His poems are published in Arabic and international literary magazines. English translations of his poetry were published in Al Ahram Weekly, Banipal, Times Literary Supplement, Pen, and Modern Poetry in Translation. His autobiographical narrative Ra'ytu Ramallah(I Saw Ramallah), 1997, published in several editions in Arabic, won the Naguib Mahfouz Award for Literature (1997) and was translated into several languages; the English translation was published by the American University in Cairo Press as well as by Random House, New York and Bloomsbury, London. Barghouthi participated in numerous conferences and poetry readings and festivals in almost all Arab countries and in several European cities. Reading his poetry Then paper went as far as it could go to reach the deepest point in the poet's fantasy world. As it showed no joy can compare with reading such poems. Finally the conclusion found out the following: - The poet's dictionary is so related to the real life talking words, but even though it never lost its poetic significances. The poet always attempts to express the strangeness of the world as he sees itin words that are not strange at all. he once said: "I want my language to be physical, precise, visual, concrete, daily and normal, just to reveal how abnormal the condition it describes is" - Repeating some sentencessuch as the title of the poem is a theme in Madrid's writings. - Functioning "Irony" is one of the most important features of Madrid's poetry when we want to talk about his work. Most of the time we laugh while we read his poems, but laughing here is just illusion because we really cry a lot with no tears. - Paradox plays a real rule in Madrid's works as well. - Expressing many meanings through a new technique: make things in our world talk, such as Mirror, Gum, Pencil, and so many other things - Time is the theme in each poem. As the poet he once said: since we lost Palestine I have no place, therefore I live in time. Madrid's works are totallydifferent among the Palestinian Poets, because he chose his won way, believed on himself, on his style, and kept going in his won path with no hesitation, he once said: No theory terrorizes me, life is richer than all our ways of writing it and a beautiful poem can turn all literary theories upside down".

문학적 명성

Al-Ghaffar 한국아랍어아랍문학회 2006 아랍어와 아랍문학 Vol.10 No.2

A poet is created by many elements such as hard work, intelligence, heart, soul and persistence. A poet's reputation depends upon these as well as advertising and sales skills and getting through the readers who count. In this article, I tried to find out what makes a good reputation for a poet, so I started to analyze many elements around the poet / poetry, based on socio-literature, with questions such as: who is the poet? When did he/she start to write? And how long did he/she keep on writing? What is the relationship between him/her and the readers on one hand, and the critics on the other hand? What is the real effect that criticism can have on the poet's history (for or against him)? What is the value of a poem? And does this value last forever or not? How does a poet publish his/her poems? What is the main role of good literary tricks, or devices, and can these play to achieve a good reputation for a poet? What is the literary atmosphere surrounding the poet? What way do the editors use to introduce a poet or a poem? Through these questions and many others, and after giving many examples from different cultures, I tried to touch the secret box of literary reputation. Sometimes, I felt as if I had really found out this secret, some other times I felt the opposite. Nevertheless, this was a fulfilling work trying to approach the heavens of poetry.

The Literary Reputation

( Al Ghaffar ) 한국아랍어아랍문학회 2006 아랍어와 아랍문학 Vol.10 No.2

A poet is created by many elements such as hard work, intelligence, heart, soul and persistence. A poet`s reputation depends upon these as well as advertising and sales skills and getting through the readers who count. In this article, I tried to find out what makes a good reputation for a poet, so I started to analyze many elements around the poet / poetry, based on socio-literature, with questions such as: who is the poet? When did he/she start to write? And how long did he/she keep on writing? What is the relationship between him/her and the readers on one hand, and the critics on the other hand? What is the real effect that criticism can have on the poet`s history (for or against him)? What is the value of a poem? And does this value last forever or not? How does a poet publish his/her poems? What is the main role of good literary tricks, or devices, and can these play to achieve a good reputation for a poet? What is the literary atmosphere surrounding the poet? What way do the editors use to introduce a poet or a poem? Through these questions and many others, and after giving many examples from different cultures, I tried to touch the secret box of literary reputation. Sometimes, I felt as if I had really found out this secret, some other times I felt the opposite. Nevertheless, this was a fulfilling work trying to approach the heavens of poetry.

Women`s writing A comparative study of a number of Arab and Korean Writers` testimonies

( Abdu Al Ghaffar ) 한국아랍어아랍문학회 2013 아랍어와 아랍문학 Vol.17 No.1

The following is a research / study that deals with two main concepts ;women and creativity. Starting with creativity, in terms of poetic language, is the ability to combine or entwine both words and feelings together, so that the meanings and pictures of poems would reflect a kind of silent meditation. Woman is mother and sister , the beloved wife and daughter. She`s been man`s partner since the beginning of creation , to the day of judgment. She was created from Adam " s rib, so as to be a part of him, in a subliminal clear message that may not be understood by lots of men up to this moment. Women is Adam`s partner in the sin that drove them both out of paradise. Yet, she was to be blamed alone, bear, alone, the burden of that sin in the memory of humanity. This blame was to be transferred to the rest of woman Even in stories, religious beliefs, fairy tales and legends. Time and material of the study. The study includes/ shows different viewpoints of a number of Arab and south Korean female writers on "women`s writings", based on the following questionnaire: Firstly, introduce yourself, your publications, and send sample texts from your own writings. Secondly, what do you write about? what does writing mean to you as a woman? whether you write a novel or a short story? Thirdly, what do you seek/aim at when you write? Do you deal with daily life problems the same as man does or differently? do you select special topics/day life problems to deal with when you write? Does your selection differ from that of a man`s? Fourthly, what do you think of feminism? Do you believe that woman`s writing is really different from man`s ? In what aspect is it different? If there are any differences , how could you explain them? meaning: are there any special differences of a woman`s writing that make it different from that of man`s? Fifthly, and finally, you do have freedom to write as much as you could about women`s writings in comparison with men`s writings. This study compares ,on one side, the answers of female writers of the same culture, so as to compare the main points of these answers between Arab and south Korean female writers on the other side. To achieve this goal, the study/comparison depends on literary theories, such as, sociology literature, psychology literature, comparative literature and poetic text analysis. Results - On terms of creative writing, there are basic biological and psychological features that cause the difference between man and woman. This study clarifies those features in the statements/ testimonies of some creative female writers. - Some writers believe that male and female creators are "humans" ,thus, they deal with the same issues with similar angles and view points, yet, following varied/ different approaches. Of course as well as what is being concentrated upon or marginalized - This last point was confirmed by poetess kang hee Jane , according to both, her nature as a female and personal experience with writing, she had to choose particular aspects when dealing with the same subjects/issues that man deals with. - Woman`s writing is a kind of resistance", this was expressed and embodied in the statement of "Kim seng" who said that writing poetry is a kind of rejection of this world who framed woman as a consumer material, as Rabab Kassab mentioned " women`s literature reflects smooth resistance" To conclude, according to female writers statements in the above mentioned questionnaire, there wasn`t much difference in literary writings between Arab and Korean female writers, the clear big difference was about the kind of freedom on choosing subjects of writing and the ways of expressing it for Korean writers women.

A study on the effects of thermal treatments and gamma rays irradiation on expired “Helixone” membranes

Abdul Ghaffar Al Lafi,Hiba Dada,Hamdi Harmalani 한국고분자학회 2023 Macromolecular Research Vol.31 No.9

Polysulfones (PSF) are specialty thermoplastics that are commonly used in dialysis membranes production. In the present work, the effects of γ-rays irradiation and thermal treatments on the expired PSF dialysis membranes (Helixone) were investigated with the purpose of reusing them. Irradiation below 35 kGy or thermal treatments at temperatures below 150 °C were proven not to affect the essential characteristics of the membranes, but chemical as well as morphological changes start to appear at a dose of 35 kGy as well as at a treatment temperature above 150 °C. Structural analysis of the membranes before and after treatments indicated that two mechanisms could be suggested for membranes properties deterioration. Oxidation of the polymer was the main mechanism on irradiation treatment, while polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) degradation and elution were more pronounced in thermal treatments. Both type of treatments at moderate conditions improved the hydrophilicity and water uptake of the membranes but these properties progressively deteriorate at irradiation dose of 35 kGy and at treatment temperature above 150 °C. A method of reactivating expired Helixone was suggested by reloading of PVP followed by treatments in buffer solution at pH = 7.2 for 12 h. This was shown to decrease the PVP elution by 10% in comparison with the un-treated membrane.

The image of "place": Hometown, Homeland, in the modern Korean poetry

( Abdu Al-ghaffar ),( A. Mahmoud ) 한국아랍어아랍문학회 2012 아랍어와 아랍문학 Vol.16 No.1

A Critical Review of Models and Theories in Field of Individual Acceptance of Technology

Yaser Hasan Al-Mamary,Murad Al-nashmi,Yahya Abdul Ghaffar Hassan,Alina Shamsuddin 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Hybrid Information Techno Vol.9 No.6

Information systems and technology have become essential tools for organizations to achieve their goals. Therefore, many technology acceptance theories and models have been developed in the field. Research showed a number of models that introduce the factors which make information systems successful. Based on the theoretical lens rooted in the literature, the researchers critically reviewed ten models and theories on individual acceptance of technology. The review identifies the major models to make explicit assumptions. The present study tries to provide a summary of strengths and weaknesses that have been discussed about these models and theories.

The symbolic significances of the place in the modern Arabic poetry in Egypt, Arabic Language & Literature

Mahmud Ahmad Abd Al Ghaffar 한국아랍어·아랍문학회 2008 아랍어와 아랍문학 Vol.12 No.2